Switch backend to uv package manager, update dependencies, and refactor Dockerfile for modern Python tooling

- Migrated dependency management to `uv` for faster, reproducible builds and added `uv.lock`.
- Updated `Dockerfile`: replaced pip with `uv`, added `uv` installation, and refined dependency installation for development and production.
- Enhanced `pyproject.toml`: reorganized dependencies, added support for `uv`.
- Updated docs and Makefile with `uv` usage instructions for streamlined setup and testing.

backend/Dockerfile

@@ -7,16 +7,27 @@ RUN groupadd -r appuser && useradd -r -g appuser appuser
 WORKDIR /app
 ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
     PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
-    PYTHONPATH=/app
+    PYTHONPATH=/app \
+    UV_COMPILE_BYTECODE=1 \
+    UV_LINK_MODE=copy
 
+# Install system dependencies and uv
 RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gcc postgresql-client curl && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gcc postgresql-client curl ca-certificates && \
+    curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-COPY requirements.txt .
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+# Add uv to PATH
+ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:$PATH"
 
+# Copy dependency files
+COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./
+
+# Install dependencies using uv (development mode with dev dependencies)
+RUN uv sync --extra dev --frozen
+
+# Copy application code
 COPY . .
 COPY entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
 RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
@@ -38,16 +49,27 @@ RUN groupadd -r appuser && useradd -r -g appuser appuser
 WORKDIR /app
 ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
     PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
-    PYTHONPATH=/app
+    PYTHONPATH=/app \
+    UV_COMPILE_BYTECODE=1 \
+    UV_LINK_MODE=copy
 
+# Install system dependencies and uv
 RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends postgresql-client curl && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends postgresql-client curl ca-certificates && \
+    curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-COPY requirements.txt .
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+# Add uv to PATH
+ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:$PATH"
 
+# Copy dependency files
+COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./
+
+# Install only production dependencies using uv (no dev dependencies)
+RUN uv sync --frozen --no-dev
+
+# Copy application code
 COPY . .
 COPY entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
 RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
@@ -63,4 +85,4 @@ HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=40s --retries=3 \
     CMD curl -f http://localhost:8000/health || exit 1
 
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh"]
-CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]
+CMD ["uv", "run", "uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]