Implement extensive localization improvements across forms and components

- Refactored `it.json` translations with added keys for authentication, admin panel, and settings.
- Updated authentication forms (`LoginForm`, `RegisterForm`, `PasswordResetConfirmForm`) to use localized strings via `next-intl`.
- Enhanced password validation schemas with dynamic translations and refined error messages.
- Adjusted `Header` and related components to include localized navigation and status elements.
- Improved placeholder hints, button labels, and inline validation messages for seamless localization.

backend/app/alembic/versions/c8e9f3a2d1b4_add_user_locale_preference_column.py

@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
     # VARCHAR(10) supports BCP 47 format (e.g., "en", "it", "en-US", "it-IT")
     # Nullable: NULL means "not set yet", will use Accept-Language header fallback
     # Indexed: For analytics queries and filtering by locale
-    op.add_column(
+    op.add_column("users", sa.Column("locale", sa.String(length=10), nullable=True))
-        "users",
-        sa.Column("locale", sa.String(length=10), nullable=True)
-    )
 
     # Create index on locale column for performance
     op.create_index(

backend/app/api/dependencies/locale.py

@@ -117,8 +117,9 @@ async def get_locale(
     if current_user and current_user.locale:
         # Validate that saved locale is still supported
         # (in case SUPPORTED_LOCALES changed after user set preference)
-        if current_user.locale in SUPPORTED_LOCALES:
+        locale_value = str(current_user.locale)
-            return current_user.locale
+        if locale_value in SUPPORTED_LOCALES:
+            return locale_value
 
     # Priority 2: Accept-Language header
     accept_language = request.headers.get("accept-language", "")

backend/app/schemas/users.py

@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
     locale: str | None = Field(
         None,
         max_length=10,
-        pattern=r'^[a-z]{2}(-[A-Z]{2})?$',
+        pattern=r"^[a-z]{2}(-[A-Z]{2})?$",
         description="User's preferred locale (BCP 47 format: en, it, en-US, it-IT)",
-        examples=["en", "it", "en-US", "it-IT"]
+        examples=["en", "it", "en-US", "it-IT"],
     )
     is_active: bool | None = (
         None  # Changed default from True to None to avoid unintended updates
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
             return v
         # Only support English and Italian for template showcase
         # Note: Locales stored in lowercase for case-insensitive matching
-        SUPPORTED_LOCALES = {"en", "it", "en-us", "en-gb", "it-it"}
+        supported_locales = {"en", "it", "en-us", "en-gb", "it-it"}
         # Normalize to lowercase for comparison and storage
         v_lower = v.lower()
-        if v_lower not in SUPPORTED_LOCALES:
+        if v_lower not in supported_locales:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Unsupported locale '{v}'. Supported locales: {sorted(SUPPORTED_LOCALES)}"
+                f"Unsupported locale '{v}'. Supported locales: {sorted(supported_locales)}"
             )
         # Return normalized lowercase version for consistency
         return v_lower

backend/tests/api/dependencies/test_locale_dependencies.py

@@ -67,9 +67,7 @@ class TestParseAcceptLanguage:
 
     def test_parse_complex_header(self):
         """Test complex Accept-Language header with multiple locales"""
-        result = parse_accept_language(
+        result = parse_accept_language("it-IT,it;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7,fr;q=0.6")
-            "it-IT,it;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7,fr;q=0.6"
-        )
         assert result == "it-it"
 
     def test_parse_whitespace_handling(self):
@@ -199,9 +197,7 @@ class TestGetLocale:
         assert result == "en"
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_locale_from_accept_language_header(
+    async def test_locale_from_accept_language_header(self, async_user_without_locale):
-        self, async_user_without_locale
-    ):
         """Test locale detection from Accept-Language header when user has no preference"""
         # Mock request with Italian Accept-Language (it-IT has highest priority)
         mock_request = MagicMock()

backend/tests/schemas/test_user_schemas.py

@@ -334,11 +334,7 @@ class TestLocaleValidation:
     def test_locale_in_user_update_with_other_fields(self):
         """Test locale validation works when combined with other fields"""
         # Valid locale with other fields
-        user = UserUpdate(
+        user = UserUpdate(first_name="Mario", last_name="Rossi", locale="it")
-            first_name="Mario",
-            last_name="Rossi",
-            locale="it"
-        )
         assert user.locale == "it"
         assert user.first_name == "Mario"
 
@@ -347,7 +343,7 @@ class TestLocaleValidation:
             UserUpdate(
                 first_name="Pierre",
                 last_name="Dupont",
-                locale="fr"  # Unsupported
+                locale="fr",  # Unsupported
             )
 
     def test_supported_locales_list(self):
@@ -357,7 +353,9 @@ class TestLocaleValidation:
         # Expected output (normalized to lowercase)
         expected_outputs = ["en", "it", "en-us", "en-gb", "it-it"]
 
-        for input_locale, expected_output in zip(input_locales, expected_outputs):
+        for input_locale, expected_output in zip(
+            input_locales, expected_outputs, strict=True
+        ):
             user = UserUpdate(locale=input_locale)
             assert user.locale == expected_output
 

docs/I18N_IMPLEMENTATION_PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+# Internationalization (i18n) Implementation Plan
+## State-of-the-Art Next.js 15 + FastAPI i18n System (2025)
+
+**Last Updated**: 2025-11-17
+**Status**: ✅ Approved - Ready for Implementation
+**Languages**: English (en) - Default, Italian (it) - Showcase
+
+---
+
+## 📋 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
+
+This document provides a comprehensive plan for implementing production-grade internationalization (i18n) in the FastNext Template. The implementation showcases best practices with 2 languages (English and Italian), making it easy for users to extend with additional languages.
+
+### Technology Stack (2025 Best Practices)
+
+- **Frontend**: next-intl 4.0 (ESM, TypeScript-first, App Router native)
+- **Backend**: FastAPI with BCP 47 locale storage in PostgreSQL
+- **Testing**: Playwright (parameterized locale tests) + Jest (i18n test utils)
+- **SEO**: Automatic hreflang tags, sitemap generation, metadata per locale
+- **Validation**: Automated translation key validation in CI/CD
+
+### Why Only 2 Languages?
+
+This is a **template showcase**, not a production deployment:
+
+✅ Clean example of i18n implementation
+✅ Easy to understand patterns
+✅ Users can add languages by copying the Italian example
+✅ Faster testing and implementation
+✅ Smaller bundle size for demonstration
+
+### Quality Standards
+
+- ✅ **Test Coverage**: Backend ≥97%, comprehensive E2E tests
+- ✅ **Zero Breaking Changes**: All existing 743 backend + 56 frontend tests must pass
+- ✅ **Type Safety**: Full autocomplete for translation keys
+- ✅ **Performance**: Core Web Vitals maintained (LCP < 2.5s, INP < 200ms, CLS < 0.1)
+- ✅ **SEO**: Lighthouse SEO score 100 for both locales
+- ✅ **GDPR Compliant**: User locale preferences handled appropriately
+
+---
+
+## 🎯 IMPLEMENTATION PHASES
+
+### Phase 0: Documentation & Planning (2 hours)
+- Create this implementation plan document
+- Document architecture decisions
+
+### Phase 1: Backend Foundation (4 hours)
+- Add `locale` column to User model
+- Create database migration
+- Update Pydantic schemas
+- Create locale detection dependency
+- Add backend tests
+
+### Phase 2: Frontend Setup (4 hours)
+- Install and configure next-intl
+- Create translation files (EN, IT)
+- Configure TypeScript autocomplete
+- Restructure App Router for [locale] pattern
+- Fix tests
+
+### Phase 3: Component Translation (4 hours)
+- Create LocaleSwitcher component
+- Translate auth components
+- Translate navigation components
+- Translate settings components
+- Review and test
+
+### Phase 4: SEO & Metadata (3 hours)
+- Implement locale-aware metadata
+- Generate multilingual sitemap
+- Configure robots.txt
+- SEO validation
+
+### Phase 5: Performance Optimization (3 hours)
+- Measure Core Web Vitals baseline
+- Optimize translation loading
+- Prevent CLS with font loading
+- Performance validation
+
+### Phase 6: Comprehensive Testing (4 hours)
+- Backend integration tests
+- Frontend E2E locale tests
+- Frontend unit tests
+- Translation validation automation
+
+### Phase 7: Documentation & Polish (2 hours)
+- Update technical documentation
+- Create migration guide
+- Final SEO and performance validation
+
+### Phase 8: Deployment Prep (2 hours)
+- Update README
+- Create release notes
+- Deployment checklist
+
+**Total Time**: ~28 hours (~3.5 days) + 20% buffer = **4 days**
+
+---
+
+## 🏗️ ARCHITECTURE DECISIONS
+
+### 1. Locale Format: BCP 47
+
+**Decision**: Use BCP 47 language tags (e.g., "en", "it", "en-US", "it-IT")
+
+**Rationale**:
+- Industry standard (used by HTTP Accept-Language, HTML lang attribute, ICU libraries)
+- Based on ISO 639-1 (language) + ISO 3166-1 (region)
+- Flexible: start simple with 2-letter codes, add region qualifiers when needed
+- Future-proof for dialects and scripts (e.g., "zh-Hans" for Simplified Chinese)
+
+**Implementation**:
+```python
+# Backend validation
+SUPPORTED_LOCALES = {"en", "it", "en-US", "en-GB", "it-IT"}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 2. URL Structure: Subdirectory
+
+**Decision**: `/[locale]/[path]` format (e.g., `/en/about`, `/it/about`)
+
+**Alternatives Considered**:
+- ❌ Subdomain (`en.example.com`) - Too complex for template
+- ❌ Country-code TLD (`example.it`) - Too expensive, not needed for template
+- ❌ URL parameters (`?lang=en`) - Poor SEO, harder to crawl
+
+**Rationale**:
+- ✅ **Best SEO**: Google explicitly recommends subdirectories for most sites
+- ✅ **Simple Infrastructure**: Single domain, single deployment
+- ✅ **Low Cost**: No multiple domain purchases
+- ✅ **Easy to Maintain**: Centralized analytics and tooling
+- ✅ **Clear URLs**: Users can easily switch locales by changing URL
+
+**SEO Benefits**:
+- Domain authority consolidates to one domain
+- Backlinks benefit all language versions
+- Easier to build authority than multiple domains
+- Works seamlessly with hreflang tags
+
+---
+
+### 3. Database Schema: Dedicated `locale` Column
+
+**Decision**: Add `locale VARCHAR(10)` column to `users` table, NOT JSONB
+
+**Alternatives Considered**:
+- ❌ Store in `preferences` JSONB field - 2-10x slower queries, no optimizer statistics
+
+**Rationale**:
+- ✅ **Performance**: B-tree index vs GIN index (smaller, faster)
+- ✅ **Query Optimization**: PostgreSQL can maintain statistics on column values
+- ✅ **Disk Space**: JSONB stores keys repeatedly (inefficient for common fields)
+- ✅ **Update Performance**: Updating JSONB requires rewriting entire field + indexes
+
+**Schema**:
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN locale VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT NULL;
+CREATE INDEX ix_users_locale ON users(locale);
+```
+
+**Why Nullable?**
+- Distinguish "never set" (NULL) from "explicitly set to English"
+- Allows lazy loading on first request (more accurate than backfilling)
+
+**Why No Database DEFAULT?**
+- Application-level default provides more flexibility
+- Can implement locale detection logic (Accept-Language header)
+- Easier to change default without migration
+
+---
+
+### 4. Locale Detection Priority
+
+**Decision**: Three-tier fallback system
+
+1. **User's Saved Preference** (highest priority)
+   - If authenticated and `user.locale` is set, use it
+   - Persists across sessions and devices
+
+2. **Accept-Language Header** (second priority)
+   - For unauthenticated users
+   - Parse `Accept-Language: it-IT,it;q=0.9,en;q=0.8` → "it-IT"
+   - Validate against supported locales
+
+3. **Default to English** (fallback)
+   - If no user preference and no header match
+
+**Implementation** (Backend):
+```python
+async def get_locale(
+    request: Request,
+    current_user: User | None = Depends(get_optional_current_user)
+) -> str:
+    if current_user and current_user.locale:
+        return current_user.locale
+
+    accept_language = request.headers.get("accept-language", "")
+    if accept_language:
+        locale = accept_language.split(',')[0].split(';')[0].strip()
+        lang_code = locale.split('-')[0].lower()
+        if lang_code in {"en", "it"}:
+            return locale.lower()
+
+    return "en"
+```
+
+---
+
+### 5. Translation Storage: Server-Side Only (next-intl)
+
+**Decision**: Use next-intl's server-component pattern, NOT client-side translation loading
+
+**Rationale**:
+- ✅ **Zero Client Bundle Overhead**: Translations never sent to browser
+- ✅ **Instant Page Loads**: No translation parsing on client
+- ✅ **Better SEO**: Fully rendered HTML for search engines
+- ✅ **Reduced Bandwidth**: Especially important for mobile users
+
+**Implementation**:
+```typescript
+// Server Component (preferred 95% of the time)
+import { getTranslations } from 'next-intl/server';
+
+export default async function Page() {
+  const t = await getTranslations('HomePage');
+  return <h1>{t('title')}</h1>;
+}
+
+// Client Component (only when needed for interactivity)
+'use client';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
+
+export function LoginForm() {
+  const t = useTranslations('auth.Login');
+  return <form>{/* ... */}</form>;
+}
+```
+
+**Performance Impact**:
+- next-intl core: ~9.2kb gzipped
+- Translation files: 0kb on client (server-side only)
+- Tree-shaking: Automatic with ESM build
+
+---
+
+### 6. Translation File Structure: Nested Namespaces
+
+**Decision**: Use nested JSON structure with namespaces, not flat keys
+
+**Bad (Flat)**:
+```json
+{
+  "auth_login_title": "Sign in",
+  "auth_login_email_label": "Email",
+  "auth_register_title": "Sign up"
+}
+```
+
+**Good (Nested)**:
+```json
+{
+  "auth": {
+    "Login": {
+      "title": "Sign in",
+      "emailLabel": "Email"
+    },
+    "Register": {
+      "title": "Sign up"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Rationale**:
+- ✅ **Better Organization**: Logical grouping by feature
+- ✅ **Easier Maintenance**: Find related translations quickly
+- ✅ **Type Safety**: Full autocomplete with TypeScript integration
+- ✅ **Scalability**: Easy to split into separate files later
+
+**Usage**:
+```typescript
+const t = useTranslations('auth.Login');
+t('title');  // "Sign in"
+t('emailLabel');  // "Email"
+```
+
+---
+
+### 7. SEO Strategy: Hreflang + Sitemap + Metadata
+
+**Decision**: Dual implementation for comprehensive SEO
+
+**1. HTML `<link>` Tags** (via `generateMetadata`):
+```typescript
+export async function generateMetadata({ params: { locale } }) {
+  return {
+    alternates: {
+      canonical: `/${locale}`,
+      languages: {
+        'x-default': '/en',
+        'en': '/en',
+        'it': '/it',
+      },
+    },
+  };
+}
+```
+
+**2. XML Sitemap** (with hreflang):
+```typescript
+export default function sitemap() {
+  return routes.flatMap(route =>
+    locales.map(locale => ({
+      url: `${baseUrl}/${locale}${route.path}`,
+      alternates: {
+        languages: { en: `/en${route.path}`, it: `/it${route.path}` }
+      }
+    }))
+  );
+}
+```
+
+**Why Both?**
+- HTML tags: Google's preferred method for page-level precision
+- Sitemap: Helps discovery, provides backup if HTML tags malfunction
+- **Never use HTTP headers** - avoid confusion with mixed methods
+
+**x-default Locale**:
+- Points to English (`/en`) as fallback for unsupported locales
+- Used when user's language doesn't match any hreflang tags
+
+---
+
+### 8. Testing Strategy: Smoke Tests + Parameterization
+
+**Decision**: Don't test all translations, test the i18n mechanism works
+
+**Backend Tests**:
+- 10 new integration tests covering locale CRUD, validation, detection
+- Test both EN and IT locale values
+- Test Accept-Language header parsing
+
+**Frontend E2E Tests**:
+- 12 new parameterized tests for locale switching
+- Test critical flows in both EN and IT (login, register)
+- **NOT** duplicating all 56 existing tests per locale
+- Use parameterization: `for (const locale of ['en', 'it']) { test(...) }`
+
+**Frontend Unit Tests**:
+- 8 new component tests with i18n wrappers
+- Test LocaleSwitcher functionality
+- Test translated components render correctly
+
+**Translation Validation**:
+- Automated CI check for missing keys
+- Validate Italian has all keys that English has
+- Detect unused keys
+
+**Rationale**:
+- ✅ **Efficient**: Test mechanism, not content
+- ✅ **Maintainable**: Adding Italian tests doesn't double test time
+- ✅ **Comprehensive**: Critical paths tested in both locales
+- ✅ **Fast CI**: ~13-18 minutes total (vs 60+ if we duplicate everything)
+
+---
+
+### 9. Performance Budget
+
+**Core Web Vitals Targets** (both EN and IT):
+- **LCP** (Largest Contentful Paint): < 2.5s
+- **INP** (Interaction to Next Paint): < 200ms
+- **CLS** (Cumulative Layout Shift): < 0.1
+
+**Bundle Size Impact**:
+- next-intl: ~9.2kb gzipped (acceptable)
+- Translation files: 0kb on client (server-side)
+- Total increase: < 15kb
+
+**Lighthouse Scores**:
+- Performance: ≥ 90
+- Accessibility: ≥ 95
+- SEO: 100
+
+**Font Loading Strategy**:
+- Use `display: swap` to prevent CLS
+- Preload Inter font with Latin + Latin-ext subsets (for Italian accents: à, è, ì, ò, ù)
+- Fallback to system fonts
+
+---
+
+### 10. GDPR Compliance
+
+**Classification**: User locale preference IS personal data (GDPR Article 4)
+
+**Lawful Basis**: Legitimate interest (service improvement) ✅
+
+**User Rights**:
+- ✅ **Access**: User can view locale in profile (GET /users/me)
+- ✅ **Rectification**: User can update locale (PATCH /users/me)
+- ✅ **Erasure**: Locale deleted when user deleted (CASCADE)
+- ✅ **Portability**: Included in user data export
+
+**Privacy Policy Requirements**:
+- "We store your language preference to personalize your experience"
+- "You can change this in Settings > Profile at any time"
+
+**Data Minimization**: ✅ PASS
+- Locale is necessary for service personalization
+- No excessive data collection (not storing geolocation)
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 GETTING STARTED
+
+### For Developers Implementing This Plan
+
+1. **Read This Document**: Understand the architecture decisions and rationale
+2. **Follow Phases Sequentially**: Each phase builds on the previous
+3. **Run Tests After Each Phase**: Ensure no regressions
+4. **Use Parallel Agents**: Where indicated in the plan for efficiency
+5. **Document Decisions**: Update this file if you deviate from the plan
+
+### For Users of the Template
+
+1. **See `/docs/I18N.md`**: User-facing guide on using i18n
+2. **See `/docs/I18N_MIGRATION_GUIDE.md`**: Deploying to existing projects
+3. **Adding Languages**: Copy the Italian example, follow `/docs/I18N.md`
+
+---
+
+## 📚 REFERENCES
+
+### Official Documentation
+- [next-intl](https://next-intl.dev) - Next.js 15 i18n library
+- [BCP 47 Language Tags](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt) - Locale format standard
+- [Google Multilingual SEO](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international) - SEO guidelines
+
+### Research Sources
+- next-intl 4.0 release notes (2025)
+- Next.js 15 App Router i18n patterns
+- PostgreSQL performance: JSONB vs columns
+- Lighthouse CI best practices
+- Playwright i18n testing patterns
+
+---
+
+## ✅ COMPLETION CHECKLIST
+
+Use this checklist to verify implementation is complete:
+
+### Backend
+- [ ] `locale` column added to `users` table
+- [ ] Database migration created and tested
+- [ ] Pydantic schemas updated (UserUpdate, UserResponse)
+- [ ] Locale detection dependency created
+- [ ] 10+ backend tests added
+- [ ] All existing 743 tests still pass
+- [ ] Coverage ≥97% maintained
+
+### Frontend
+- [ ] next-intl installed and configured
+- [ ] Translation files created (en.json, it.json)
+- [ ] TypeScript autocomplete working
+- [ ] App Router restructured to `[locale]` pattern
+- [ ] LocaleSwitcher component created
+- [ ] All components translated (auth, navigation, settings)
+- [ ] All existing 56 E2E tests still pass
+- [ ] 12+ new E2E locale tests added
+- [ ] 8+ new unit tests added
+
+### SEO
+- [ ] Metadata implemented per locale
+- [ ] Sitemap generated with hreflang
+- [ ] robots.txt configured
+- [ ] Lighthouse SEO = 100 (both EN and IT)
+
+### Performance
+- [ ] Core Web Vitals measured (both locales)
+- [ ] LCP < 2.5s
+- [ ] INP < 200ms
+- [ ] CLS < 0.1
+- [ ] Bundle analysis shows minimal impact
+
+### Documentation
+- [ ] This implementation plan complete
+- [ ] `/docs/I18N.md` created (user guide)
+- [ ] `/docs/I18N_MIGRATION_GUIDE.md` created
+- [ ] `CLAUDE.md` updated with i18n patterns
+- [ ] README.md updated with i18n feature
+- [ ] CHANGELOG.md updated
+
+### Testing
+- [ ] Translation validation in CI
+- [ ] All tests passing
+- [ ] No flaky tests
+- [ ] Coverage targets met
+
+---
+
+## 🔄 NEXT STEPS
+
+After completing this implementation:
+
+1. **Deploy to Staging**: Test in production-like environment
+2. **Gather Feedback**: From team and early users
+3. **Optimize Further**: Based on real-world usage data
+4. **Add Languages**: If needed, follow the Italian example
+
+---
+
+## 📝 CHANGE LOG
+
+| Date | Author | Change |
+|------|--------|--------|
+| 2025-11-17 | Claude | Initial plan created based on 2025 research |
+| 2025-11-17 | Claude | Updated to 2 languages (EN, IT) per user request |
+
+---
+
+**End of Implementation Plan**
+
+This plan represents state-of-the-art i18n implementation for 2025. It balances best practices, performance, SEO, and developer experience while remaining simple enough for a template showcase.
+
+For questions or clarifications, refer to the detailed task descriptions in each phase.

frontend/e2e/admin-access.spec.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Access Control', () => {
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
 
     // Navigate to authenticated page to test authenticated header (not homepage)
-    await page.goto('/settings');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings');
     await page.waitForSelector('h1:has-text("Settings")');
 
     // Should not see admin link in authenticated header navigation
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ test.describe('Admin Access Control', () => {
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
 
     // Try to access admin page directly
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
 
     // Should be redirected away from admin (to login or home)
-    await page.waitForURL(/\/(auth\/login|$)/);
+    await page.waitForURL(/\/en(\/login)?$/);
     expect(page.url()).not.toContain('/admin');
   });
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Access Control', () => {
 
     // Navigate to settings page to ensure user state is loaded
     // (AuthGuard fetches user on protected pages)
-    await page.goto('/settings');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings');
     await page.waitForSelector('h1:has-text("Settings")');
 
     // Should see admin link in header navigation bar
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Access Control', () => {
       .locator('header nav')
       .getByRole('link', { name: 'Admin', exact: true });
     await expect(headerAdminLink).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(headerAdminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/admin');
+    await expect(headerAdminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('superuser should be able to access admin dashboard', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ test.describe('Admin Access Control', () => {
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
 
     // Navigate to admin page
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
 
     // Should see admin dashboard
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin');
     await expect(page.locator('h1')).toContainText('Admin Dashboard');
   });
 });
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should display page title and description', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Navigation', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should display admin sidebar', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ test.describe('Admin Navigation', () => {
   });
 
   test('should navigate to users page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/users');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/users');
     await expect(page.locator('h1')).toContainText('User Management');
 
     // Breadcrumbs should show Admin > Users
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ test.describe('Admin Navigation', () => {
   });
 
   test('should navigate to organizations page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/organizations');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/organizations');
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'All Organizations' })).toBeVisible();
 
     // Breadcrumbs should show Admin > Organizations
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ test.describe('Admin Navigation', () => {
   });
 
   test('should navigate to settings page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin/settings');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/settings');
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/settings');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/settings');
     await expect(page.locator('h1')).toContainText('System Settings');
 
     // Breadcrumbs should show Admin > Settings
@@ -208,14 +208,14 @@ test.describe('Admin Navigation', () => {
   });
 
   test('should navigate back to dashboard from users page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
 
     // Click dashboard link in sidebar
     const dashboardLink = page.getByTestId('nav-dashboard');
     await dashboardLink.click();
 
-    await page.waitForURL('/admin');
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/admin');
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin');
     await expect(page.locator('h1')).toContainText('Admin Dashboard');
   });
 });
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Breadcrumbs', () => {
   });
 
   test('should show single breadcrumb on dashboard', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
 
     const breadcrumbs = page.getByTestId('breadcrumbs');
     await expect(breadcrumbs).toBeVisible();
@@ -239,12 +239,12 @@ test.describe('Admin Breadcrumbs', () => {
   });
 
   test('should show clickable parent breadcrumb', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
 
     // 'Admin' should be a clickable link (test ID is on the Link element itself)
     const adminBreadcrumb = page.getByTestId('breadcrumb-admin');
     await expect(adminBreadcrumb).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(adminBreadcrumb).toHaveAttribute('href', '/admin');
+    await expect(adminBreadcrumb).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/admin');
 
     // 'Users' should be current page (not a link, so it's a span)
     const usersBreadcrumb = page.getByTestId('breadcrumb-users');
@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@ test.describe('Admin Breadcrumbs', () => {
   });
 
   test('should navigate via breadcrumb link', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
 
     // Click 'Admin' breadcrumb to go back to dashboard
     const adminBreadcrumb = page.getByTestId('breadcrumb-admin');
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/admin'), adminBreadcrumb.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/admin'), adminBreadcrumb.click()]);
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin');
   });
 });

frontend/e2e/admin-dashboard.spec.ts

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Page Load', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should display admin dashboard page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin');
 
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Admin Dashboard' })).toBeVisible();
     await expect(page.getByText('Manage users, organizations, and system settings')).toBeVisible();
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Statistics Cards', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should display all stat cards', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Quick Actions', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should display quick actions section', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Quick Actions', () => {
   test('should navigate to users page when clicking user management', async ({ page }) => {
     const userManagementLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /User Management/i });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/admin/users'), userManagementLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/admin/users'), userManagementLink.click()]);
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/users');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should navigate to organizations page when clicking organizations', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Quick Actions', () => {
     const quickActionsSection = page.locator('h2:has-text("Quick Actions")').locator('..');
     const organizationsLink = quickActionsSection.getByRole('link', { name: /Organizations/i });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/admin/organizations'), organizationsLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/admin/organizations'), organizationsLink.click()]);
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/organizations');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/organizations');
   });
 });
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Analytics Charts', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should display analytics overview section', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Dashboard - Accessibility', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin');
   });
 
   test('should have proper heading hierarchy', async ({ page }) => {

frontend/e2e/admin-organization-members.spec.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - Navigation from Organizations List',
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - Navigation from Organizations List',
 
     // Click "View Members"
     await Promise.all([
-      page.waitForURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
+      page.waitForURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
       page.getByText('View Members').click(),
     ]);
 
     // Should be on members page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
   });
 
   test('should navigate to members page when clicking member count', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - Navigation from Organizations List',
 
     // Click on member count
     await Promise.all([
-      page.waitForURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
+      page.waitForURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
       memberButton.click(),
     ]);
 
     // Should be on members page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
   });
 });
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - Page Structure', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
 
     // Navigate to members page
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - Page Structure', () => {
     await actionButton.click();
 
     await Promise.all([
-      page.waitForURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
+      page.waitForURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
       page.getByText('View Members').click(),
     ]);
   });
 
   test('should display organization members page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
 
     // Wait for page to load
     await page.waitForSelector('table');
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - AddMemberDialog E2E Tests', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
 
     // Navigate to members page
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Members - AddMemberDialog E2E Tests', () => {
     await actionButton.click();
 
     await Promise.all([
-      page.waitForURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
+      page.waitForURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
       page.getByText('View Members').click(),
     ]);
 

frontend/e2e/admin-organizations.spec.ts

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Page Load', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
   });
 
   test('should display organization management page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/organizations');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/organizations');
 
     // Wait for page to load
     await page.waitForSelector('table');
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Organization List Table', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
   });
 
   test('should display organization list table with headers', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Pagination', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
   });
 
   test('should display pagination info', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Create Organization Button', () =
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
   });
 
   test('should display create organization button', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Action Menu', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -192,12 +192,12 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Action Menu', () => {
 
     // Click view members - use Promise.all for Next.js Link navigation
     await Promise.all([
-      page.waitForURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
+      page.waitForURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
       page.getByText('View Members').click(),
     ]);
 
     // Should navigate to members page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
   });
 
   test('should show delete confirmation dialog when clicking delete', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Edit Organization Dialog', () =>
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Member Count Interaction', () =>
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -308,12 +308,12 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Member Count Interaction', () =>
 
     // Click on member count - use Promise.all for Next.js Link navigation
     await Promise.all([
-      page.waitForURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
+      page.waitForURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/),
       memberButton.click(),
     ]);
 
     // Should navigate to members page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/en\/admin\/organizations\/[^/]+\/members/);
   });
 });
 
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ test.describe('Admin Organization Management - Accessibility', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/organizations');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/organizations');
   });
 
   test('should have proper heading hierarchy', async ({ page }) => {

frontend/e2e/admin-users.spec.ts

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Page Load', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should display user management page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/admin/users');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/admin/users');
     await expect(page.locator('h1')).toContainText('User Management');
   });
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - User List Table', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should display user list table with headers', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Search and Filters', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should display search input', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Pagination', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should display pagination info', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Row Selection', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Create User Dialog', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should open create user dialog', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Action Menu', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Edit User Dialog', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Bulk Actions', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
     await page.waitForSelector('table tbody tr');
   });
 
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ test.describe('Admin User Management - Accessibility', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     await setupSuperuserMocks(page);
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
-    await page.goto('/admin/users');
+    await page.goto('/en/admin/users');
   });
 
   test('should have proper heading hierarchy', async ({ page }) => {

frontend/e2e/auth-guard.spec.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page, context }) => {
     // Clear storage before each test to ensure clean state
     await context.clearCookies();
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       localStorage.clear();
       sessionStorage.clear();
@@ -15,37 +15,37 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
     // Try to access a protected route (if you have one)
     // For now, we'll test the root if it's protected
     // Adjust the route based on your actual protected routes
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
 
     // If root is protected, should redirect to login or show homepage
     // Wait for page to stabilize
     await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
 
-    // Should either be on login or homepage (not crashing)
+    // Should either be on login or homepage (not crashing) - with locale prefix
     const url = page.url();
-    expect(url).toMatch(/\/(login)?$/);
+    expect(url).toMatch(/\/en(\/login)?$/);
   });
 
   test('should allow access to public routes without auth', async ({ page }) => {
     // Test login page
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Sign in to your account');
 
     // Test register page
-    await page.goto('/register');
+    await page.goto('/en/register');
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/register');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/register');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Create your account');
 
     // Test password reset page
-    await page.goto('/password-reset');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset');
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/password-reset');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/password-reset');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Reset your password');
   });
 
   test('should persist authentication across page reloads', async ({ page }) => {
     // Manually set a mock token in localStorage for testing
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const mockToken = {
         access_token: 'mock-access-token',
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
 
   test('should clear authentication on logout', async ({ page }) => {
     // Set up authenticated state
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const mockToken = {
         access_token: 'mock-access-token',
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
 
   test('should not allow access to auth pages when already logged in', async ({ page }) => {
     // Set up authenticated state
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const mockToken = {
         access_token: 'mock-access-token',
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
     });
 
     // Try to access login page
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
 
     // Wait a bit for potential redirect
     await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
 
   test('should handle expired tokens gracefully', async ({ page }) => {
     // Set up authenticated state with expired token
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     await page.evaluate(() => {
       const expiredToken = {
         access_token: 'expired-access-token',
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ test.describe('AuthGuard - Route Protection', () => {
   test('should preserve intended destination after login', async ({ page }) => {
     // This is a nice-to-have feature that requires protected routes
     // For now, just verify the test doesn't crash
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
 
     // Login (via localStorage for testing)
     await page.evaluate(() => {

frontend/e2e/auth-login.spec.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ test.describe('Login Flow', () => {
     });
 
     // Navigate to login page before each test
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
   });
 
   test.afterEach(async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ test.describe('Login Flow', () => {
     await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
 
     // Should stay on login page (validation failed)
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
   });
 
   test('should show error for invalid credentials', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ test.describe('Login Flow', () => {
     // Click forgot password link - use Promise.all to wait for navigation
     const forgotLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Forgot password?' });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/password-reset'), forgotLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/password-reset'), forgotLink.click()]);
 
     // Should be on password reset page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/password-reset');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/password-reset');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Reset your password');
   });
 
@@ -173,10 +173,10 @@ test.describe('Login Flow', () => {
     // Click sign up link - use Promise.all to wait for navigation
     const signupLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Sign up' });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/register'), signupLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/register'), signupLink.click()]);
 
     // Should be on register page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/register');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/register');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Create your account');
   });
 

frontend/e2e/auth-password-reset.spec.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
 test.describe('Password Reset Request Flow', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate to password reset page
-    await page.goto('/password-reset');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset');
   });
 
   test('should display password reset request form', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Request Flow', () => {
     await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
 
     // Should stay on password reset page (validation failed)
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/password-reset');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/password-reset');
   });
 
   test('should successfully submit password reset request', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Request Flow', () => {
     // Click back to login link - use Promise.all to wait for navigation
     const loginLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Back to login' });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/login'), loginLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/login'), loginLink.click()]);
 
     // Should be on login page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Sign in to your account');
   });
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Request Flow', () => {
 test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
   test('should display error for missing token', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate without token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm');
 
     // Should show error message
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText(/Invalid/i);
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should display password reset confirm form with valid token', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with token (using a dummy token for UI testing)
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
 
     // Check page title
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Set new password');
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should show validation errors for empty form', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
 
     // Click submit without filling form
     await page.locator('button[type="submit"]').click();
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should show validation error for weak password', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
 
     // Fill with weak password
     await page.locator('input[name="new_password"]').fill('weak');
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should show validation error for mismatched passwords', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
 
     // Fill with mismatched passwords
     await page.locator('input[name="new_password"]').fill('Password123!');
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should show error for invalid token', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with invalid token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=invalid-token');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=invalid-token');
 
     // Fill form with valid passwords
     await page.locator('input[name="new_password"]').fill('NewPassword123!');
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
     // In real scenario, you'd generate a token via API or use a test fixture
 
     // For UI testing, we use a dummy token - backend will reject it
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=valid-test-token-from-backend');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=valid-test-token-from-backend');
 
     // Fill form with valid passwords
     await page.locator('input[name="new_password"]').fill('NewPassword123!');
@@ -188,21 +188,21 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should navigate to request new reset link', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate without token to trigger error state
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm');
 
     // Click request new reset link - use Promise.all to wait for navigation
     const resetLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Request new reset link' });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/password-reset'), resetLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/password-reset'), resetLink.click()]);
 
     // Should be on password reset request page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/password-reset');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/password-reset');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Reset your password');
   });
 
   test('should toggle password visibility', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
 
     const passwordInput = page.locator('input[name="new_password"]');
     const confirmPasswordInput = page.locator('input[name="confirm_password"]');
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ test.describe('Password Reset Confirm Flow', () => {
 
   test('should disable submit button while loading', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate with token
-    await page.goto('/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset/confirm?token=dummy-test-token-123');
 
     // Fill form
     await page.locator('input[name="new_password"]').fill('NewPassword123!');

frontend/e2e/auth-register.spec.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ test.describe('Registration Flow', () => {
     });
 
     // Navigate to register page before each test
-    await page.goto('/register');
+    await page.goto('/en/register');
   });
 
   test.afterEach(async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
@@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ test.describe('Registration Flow', () => {
     const loginLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Sign in' });
 
     // Use Promise.all to wait for navigation
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/login'), loginLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/login'), loginLink.click()]);
 
     // Should be on login page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
     await expect(page.locator('h2')).toContainText('Sign in to your account');
   });
 

frontend/e2e/helpers/auth.ts

@@ -100,15 +100,15 @@ export async function loginViaUI(
   email = 'test@example.com',
   password = 'Password123!'
 ): Promise<void> {
-  // Navigate to login page
+  // Navigate to login page (with locale prefix)
-  await page.goto('/login');
+  await page.goto('/en/login');
 
   // Fill login form
   await page.locator('input[name="email"]').fill(email);
   await page.locator('input[name="password"]').fill(password);
 
-  // Submit and wait for navigation to home
+  // Submit and wait for navigation to home (with locale prefix)
-  await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/'), page.locator('button[type="submit"]').click()]);
+  await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en'), page.locator('button[type="submit"]').click()]);
 
   // Wait for auth to settle
   await page.waitForTimeout(500);

frontend/e2e/homepage.spec.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Desktop Navigation', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     // Wait for page to be fully loaded
   });
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Desktop Navigation', () => {
 
     // Desktop navigation links should be visible (use locator to find within header)
     const header = page.locator('header').first();
-    await expect(header.getByRole('link', { name: 'Components', exact: true })).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(header.getByRole('link', { name: 'Design System', exact: true })).toBeVisible();
     await expect(header.getByRole('link', { name: 'Admin Demo', exact: true })).toBeVisible();
   });
 
@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Desktop Navigation', () => {
     await expect(githubLink).toHaveAttribute('target', '_blank');
   });
 
-  test('should navigate to components page via header link', async ({ page }) => {
+  test('should navigate to design system page via header link', async ({ page }) => {
-    // Click the exact Components link in header navigation
+    // Click the exact Design System link in header navigation
     const header = page.locator('header').first();
-    const componentsLink = header.getByRole('link', { name: 'Components', exact: true });
+    const designSystemLink = header.getByRole('link', { name: 'Design System', exact: true });
 
     // Verify link exists and has correct href
-    await expect(componentsLink).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(designSystemLink).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(componentsLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/dev');
+    await expect(designSystemLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/dev');
 
     // Click and wait for navigation
-    await componentsLink.click();
+    await designSystemLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/dev', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/dev', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (might not navigate if /dev page has issues, that's ok for this test)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(dev)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/dev)?$/);
   });
 
   test('should navigate to admin demo via header link', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Desktop Navigation', () => {
 
     // Verify link exists and has correct href
     await expect(adminLink).toBeVisible();
-    await expect(adminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/admin');
+    await expect(adminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/admin');
 
     // Click and wait for navigation
     await adminLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/admin', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/admin', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (might not navigate if /admin requires auth, that's ok for this test)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(admin)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/admin)?$/);
   });
 
   test('should navigate to login page via header button', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Desktop Navigation', () => {
     const header = page.locator('header').first();
     const headerLoginLink = header.getByRole('link', { name: /^Login$/i });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/login'), headerLoginLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/login'), headerLoginLink.click()]);
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
   });
 
   test.skip('should open demo credentials modal when clicking Try Demo', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Mobile Menu Interactions', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     // Set mobile viewport
     await page.setViewportSize({ width: 375, height: 667 });
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
     await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
   });
 
@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Mobile Menu Interactions', () => {
     const componentsLink = mobileMenu.getByRole('link', { name: 'Components' });
 
     // Verify link has correct href
-    await expect(componentsLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/dev');
+    await expect(componentsLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/dev');
 
     // Click and wait for navigation
     await componentsLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/dev', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/dev', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (might not navigate if /dev page has issues, that's ok)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(dev)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/dev)?$/);
   });
 
   test.skip('should navigate to admin demo from mobile menu', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -164,15 +164,15 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Mobile Menu Interactions', () => {
     const adminLink = mobileMenu.getByRole('link', { name: 'Admin Demo' });
 
     // Verify link has correct href
-    await expect(adminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/admin');
+    await expect(adminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/admin');
 
     // Click and wait for navigation
     await adminLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/admin', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/admin', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (might not navigate if /admin requires auth, that's ok)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(admin)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/admin)?$/);
   });
 
   test.skip('should display Try Demo button in mobile menu', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Mobile Menu Interactions', () => {
     const loginLink = mobileMenu.getByRole('link', { name: /Login/i });
     await loginLink.waitFor({ state: 'visible' });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/login'), loginLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/login'), loginLink.click()]);
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
   });
 
   test.skip('should close mobile menu when clicking outside', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Mobile Menu Interactions', () => {
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Hero Section', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
   });
 
   test('should display main headline', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -255,21 +255,21 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Hero Section', () => {
     const exploreLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /Explore Components/i }).first();
 
     // Verify link has correct href
-    await expect(exploreLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/dev');
+    await expect(exploreLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/dev');
 
     // Click and try to navigate
     await exploreLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/dev', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/dev', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (flexible to handle auth redirects)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(dev)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/dev)?$/);
   });
 });
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Demo Credentials Modal', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
   });
 
   test.skip('should display regular and admin credentials', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -321,9 +321,9 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Demo Credentials Modal', () => {
 
     const loginLink = dialog.getByRole('link', { name: /Go to Login/i });
 
-    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/login'), loginLink.click()]);
+    await Promise.all([page.waitForURL('/en/login'), loginLink.click()]);
 
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/login');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/login');
   });
 
   test.skip('should close modal when clicking close button', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Demo Credentials Modal', () => {
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Animated Terminal', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
   });
 
   test('should display terminal section', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -387,21 +387,21 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Animated Terminal', () => {
     const terminalDemoLink = demoLinks.last(); // Last one should be from terminal section
 
     // Verify link has correct href
-    await expect(terminalDemoLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/login');
+    await expect(terminalDemoLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/login');
 
     // Click and try to navigate
     await terminalDemoLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/login', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/login', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (flexible to handle redirects)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(login)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/login)?$/);
   });
 });
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Feature Sections', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
   });
 
   test('should display feature grid section', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -417,30 +417,30 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Feature Sections', () => {
     const authLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /View Auth Flow/i });
 
     // Verify link has correct href
-    await expect(authLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/login');
+    await expect(authLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/login');
 
     // Click and try to navigate
     await authLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/login', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/login', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (flexible to handle redirects)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(login)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/login)?$/);
   });
 
   test('should navigate to admin from admin panel CTA', async ({ page }) => {
     const adminLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /Try Admin Panel/i });
 
     // Verify link has correct href
-    await expect(adminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/admin');
+    await expect(adminLink).toHaveAttribute('href', '/en/admin');
 
     // Click and try to navigate
     await adminLink.click();
-    await page.waitForURL('/admin', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
+    await page.waitForURL('/en/admin', { timeout: 10000 }).catch(() => {});
 
     // Verify URL (flexible to handle auth redirects)
     const currentUrl = page.url();
-    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/(admin)?$/);
+    expect(currentUrl).toMatch(/\/en(\/admin)?$/);
   });
 
   test('should display tech stack section', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Feature Sections', () => {
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Footer', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
   });
 
   test('should display footer with copyright', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ test.describe('Homepage - Footer', () => {
 
 test.describe('Homepage - Accessibility', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
   });
 
   test('should have proper heading hierarchy', async ({ page }) => {

frontend/e2e/settings-navigation.spec.ts

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ test.describe('Settings Navigation', () => {
 
   test('should navigate from home to settings profile', async ({ page }) => {
     // Start at home page (auth already cached in storage state)
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en');
 
     // Navigate to settings/profile
-    await page.goto('/settings/profile');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/profile');
 
     // Verify navigation successful
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/settings/profile');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/settings/profile');
 
     // Verify page loaded - use specific heading selector
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Profile' })).toBeVisible();
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ test.describe('Settings Navigation', () => {
 
   test('should navigate from home to settings password', async ({ page }) => {
     // Start at home page (auth already cached in storage state)
-    await page.goto('/');
+    await page.goto('/en');
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en');
 
     // Navigate to settings/password
-    await page.goto('/settings/password');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/password');
 
     // Verify navigation successful
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/settings/password');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/settings/password');
 
     // Verify page loaded - use specific heading selector
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Password' })).toBeVisible();
@@ -47,24 +47,24 @@ test.describe('Settings Navigation', () => {
 
   test('should navigate between settings pages', async ({ page }) => {
     // Start at profile page
-    await page.goto('/settings/profile');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/profile');
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Profile' })).toBeVisible();
 
     // Navigate to password page
-    await page.goto('/settings/password');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/password');
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Password' })).toBeVisible();
 
     // Navigate back to profile page
-    await page.goto('/settings/profile');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/profile');
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Profile' })).toBeVisible();
   });
 
   test('should redirect from /settings to /settings/profile', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate to base settings page
-    await page.goto('/settings');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings');
 
     // Should redirect to profile page
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/settings/profile');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/settings/profile');
 
     // Verify profile page loaded - use specific heading selector
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Profile' })).toBeVisible();
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ test.describe('Settings Navigation', () => {
 
   test('should display preferences page placeholder', async ({ page }) => {
     // Navigate to preferences page
-    await page.goto('/settings/preferences');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/preferences');
 
     // Verify navigation successful
-    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/settings/preferences');
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/en/settings/preferences');
 
     // Verify page loaded with placeholder content
     await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Preferences' })).toBeVisible();

frontend/e2e/settings-password.spec.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test.describe('Password Change', () => {
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
 
     // Navigate to password page
-    await page.goto('/settings/password');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/password');
 
     // Wait for form to be visible
     await page.getByLabel(/current password/i).waitFor({ state: 'visible' });

frontend/e2e/settings-profile.spec.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test.describe('Profile Settings', () => {
     // Auth already cached in storage state (loginViaUI removed for performance)
 
     // Navigate to profile page
-    await page.goto('/settings/profile');
+    await page.goto('/en/settings/profile');
 
     // Wait for page to render
     await page.waitForTimeout(1000);

frontend/e2e/theme-toggle.spec.ts

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
 test.describe('Theme Toggle on Public Pages', () => {
   test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
     // Clear localStorage before each test
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
     await page.evaluate(() => localStorage.clear());
   });
 
   test('theme is applied on login page', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
 
     // Wait for page to load and theme to be applied
     await page.waitForTimeout(500);
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test.describe('Theme Toggle on Public Pages', () => {
   });
 
   test('theme persists across page navigation', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
     await page.waitForTimeout(500);
 
     // Set theme to dark via localStorage
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ test.describe('Theme Toggle on Public Pages', () => {
     await expect(page.locator('html')).toHaveClass(/dark/);
 
     // Navigate to register page
-    await page.goto('/register');
+    await page.goto('/en/register');
     await page.waitForTimeout(500);
 
     // Theme should still be dark
     await expect(page.locator('html')).toHaveClass(/dark/);
 
     // Navigate to password reset
-    await page.goto('/password-reset');
+    await page.goto('/en/password-reset');
     await page.waitForTimeout(500);
 
     // Theme should still be dark
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test.describe('Theme Toggle on Public Pages', () => {
   });
 
   test('can switch theme programmatically', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/login');
+    await page.goto('/en/login');
 
     // Set to light theme
     await page.evaluate(() => {

frontend/jest.config.js

@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ const customJestConfig = {
   setupFilesAfterEnv: ['<rootDir>/jest.setup.js'],
   testEnvironment: 'jest-environment-jsdom',
   moduleNameMapper: {
+    '^next-intl$': '<rootDir>/tests/__mocks__/next-intl.tsx',
+    '^next-intl/routing$': '<rootDir>/tests/__mocks__/next-intl-routing.tsx',
+    '^next-intl/navigation$': '<rootDir>/tests/__mocks__/next-intl-navigation.tsx',
+    '^@/components/i18n$': '<rootDir>/tests/__mocks__/components-i18n.tsx',
     '^@/(.*)$': '<rootDir>/src/$1',
   },
   testMatch: ['<rootDir>/tests/**/*.test.ts', '<rootDir>/tests/**/*.test.tsx'],
   transformIgnorePatterns: [
-    'node_modules/(?!(react-syntax-highlighter|refractor|hastscript|hast-.*|unist-.*|property-information|space-separated-tokens|comma-separated-tokens|web-namespaces)/)',
+    'node_modules/(?!(react-syntax-highlighter|refractor|hastscript|hast-.*|unist-.*|property-information|space-separated-tokens|comma-separated-tokens|web-namespaces|next-intl|use-intl)/)',
   ],
   collectCoverageFrom: [
     'src/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}',

frontend/messages/en.json

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "error": "Error",
+    "success": "Success",
+    "cancel": "Cancel",
+    "save": "Save",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "edit": "Edit",
+    "close": "Close",
+    "confirm": "Confirm",
+    "back": "Back",
+    "next": "Next",
+    "submit": "Submit",
+    "search": "Search",
+    "filter": "Filter",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "required": "Required",
+    "optional": "Optional",
+    "yes": "Yes",
+    "no": "No"
+  },
+  "navigation": {
+    "home": "Home",
+    "dashboard": "Dashboard",
+    "settings": "Settings",
+    "profile": "Profile",
+    "logout": "Log out",
+    "loggingOut": "Logging out...",
+    "login": "Login",
+    "register": "Register",
+    "demos": "Demos",
+    "design": "Design System",
+    "admin": "Admin",
+    "adminPanel": "Admin Panel"
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "login": {
+      "title": "Sign in to your account",
+      "subtitle": "Enter your email below to sign in to your account",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "name@example.com",
+      "passwordLabel": "Password",
+      "passwordPlaceholder": "Enter your password",
+      "rememberMe": "Remember me",
+      "forgotPassword": "Forgot password?",
+      "loginButton": "Sign in",
+      "loginButtonLoading": "Signing in...",
+      "noAccount": "Don't have an account?",
+      "registerLink": "Sign up",
+      "success": "Successfully logged in",
+      "error": "Invalid email or password",
+      "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again."
+    },
+    "register": {
+      "title": "Create an account",
+      "subtitle": "Enter your information to create an account",
+      "firstNameLabel": "First Name",
+      "firstNamePlaceholder": "John",
+      "lastNameLabel": "Last Name",
+      "lastNamePlaceholder": "Doe (optional)",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "you@example.com",
+      "passwordLabel": "Password",
+      "passwordPlaceholder": "Create a strong password",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Confirm Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Confirm your password",
+      "phoneLabel": "Phone Number",
+      "phonePlaceholder": "+1 (555) 000-0000",
+      "registerButton": "Create account",
+      "registerButtonLoading": "Creating account...",
+      "hasAccount": "Already have an account?",
+      "loginLink": "Sign in",
+      "success": "Account created successfully",
+      "error": "Failed to create account",
+      "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.",
+      "passwordRequirements": {
+        "minLength": "At least 8 characters",
+        "hasNumber": "Contains a number",
+        "hasUppercase": "Contains an uppercase letter"
+      },
+      "required": "*",
+      "firstNameRequired": "First name is required",
+      "firstNameMinLength": "First name must be at least 2 characters",
+      "firstNameMaxLength": "First name must not exceed 50 characters",
+      "lastNameMaxLength": "Last name must not exceed 50 characters",
+      "passwordRequired": "Password is required",
+      "passwordMinLength": "Password must be at least 8 characters",
+      "passwordNumber": "Password must contain at least one number",
+      "passwordUppercase": "Password must contain at least one uppercase letter",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "Please confirm your password",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Passwords do not match"
+    },
+    "passwordReset": {
+      "title": "Reset your password",
+      "subtitle": "Enter your email address and we'll send you a reset link",
+      "instructions": "Enter your email address and we'll send you instructions to reset your password.",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "you@example.com",
+      "sendButton": "Send Reset Instructions",
+      "sendButtonLoading": "Sending...",
+      "backToLogin": "Back to login",
+      "rememberPassword": "Remember your password?",
+      "success": "Password reset instructions have been sent to your email address. Please check your inbox.",
+      "error": "Failed to send reset link",
+      "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.",
+      "required": "*"
+    },
+    "passwordChange": {
+      "title": "Change Password",
+      "currentPasswordLabel": "Current Password",
+      "newPasswordLabel": "New Password",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter new password",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Confirm New Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Re-enter new password",
+      "changeButton": "Change Password",
+      "success": "Password changed successfully",
+      "error": "Failed to change password"
+    },
+    "passwordResetConfirm": {
+      "title": "Reset Password",
+      "instructions": "Enter your new password below. Make sure it meets all security requirements.",
+      "newPasswordLabel": "New Password",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter new password",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Confirm Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Re-enter new password",
+      "resetButton": "Reset Password",
+      "resetButtonLoading": "Resetting Password...",
+      "rememberPassword": "Remember your password?",
+      "backToLogin": "Back to login",
+      "success": "Your password has been successfully reset. You can now log in with your new password.",
+      "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.",
+      "required": "*",
+      "tokenRequired": "Reset token is required",
+      "passwordRequired": "New password is required",
+      "passwordMinLength": "Password must be at least 8 characters",
+      "passwordNumber": "Password must contain at least one number",
+      "passwordUppercase": "Password must contain at least one uppercase letter",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "Please confirm your password",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Passwords do not match",
+      "passwordRequirements": {
+        "minLength": "At least 8 characters",
+        "hasNumber": "Contains a number",
+        "hasUppercase": "Contains an uppercase letter"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "settings": {
+    "title": "Settings",
+    "profile": {
+      "title": "Profile Information",
+      "subtitle": "Update your personal information. Your email address is read-only.",
+      "firstNameLabel": "First Name",
+      "firstNamePlaceholder": "John",
+      "lastNameLabel": "Last Name",
+      "lastNamePlaceholder": "Doe",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailDescription": "Your email address cannot be changed from this form",
+      "phoneLabel": "Phone Number",
+      "updateButton": "Save Changes",
+      "updateButtonLoading": "Saving...",
+      "resetButton": "Reset",
+      "success": "Profile updated successfully",
+      "error": "Failed to update profile",
+      "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.",
+      "firstNameRequired": "First name is required",
+      "firstNameMinLength": "First name must be at least 2 characters",
+      "firstNameMaxLength": "First name must not exceed 50 characters",
+      "lastNameMaxLength": "Last name must not exceed 50 characters",
+      "emailInvalid": "Invalid email address"
+    },
+    "password": {
+      "title": "Change Password",
+      "subtitle": "Update your password to keep your account secure. Make sure it's strong and unique.",
+      "currentPasswordLabel": "Current Password",
+      "currentPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter your current password",
+      "newPasswordLabel": "New Password",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Enter your new password",
+      "newPasswordDescription": "At least 8 characters with uppercase, lowercase, number, and special character",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Confirm New Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Confirm your new password",
+      "updateButton": "Change Password",
+      "updateButtonLoading": "Changing Password...",
+      "cancelButton": "Cancel",
+      "success": "Password updated successfully",
+      "error": "Failed to update password",
+      "unexpectedError": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.",
+      "currentPasswordRequired": "Current password is required",
+      "newPasswordRequired": "New password is required",
+      "newPasswordMinLength": "Password must be at least 8 characters",
+      "newPasswordNumber": "Password must contain at least one number",
+      "newPasswordUppercase": "Password must contain at least one uppercase letter",
+      "newPasswordLowercase": "Password must contain at least one lowercase letter",
+      "newPasswordSpecial": "Password must contain at least one special character",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "Please confirm your new password",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Passwords do not match"
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "title": "Sessions",
+      "subtitle": "Manage your active sessions",
+      "currentSession": "Current Session",
+      "activeSession": "Active",
+      "lastActive": "Last active",
+      "device": "Device",
+      "location": "Location",
+      "revokeButton": "Revoke",
+      "revokeAll": "Revoke All Other Sessions",
+      "success": "Session revoked successfully",
+      "error": "Failed to revoke session"
+    },
+    "preferences": {
+      "title": "Preferences",
+      "subtitle": "Customize your experience",
+      "language": "Language",
+      "languageDescription": "Select your preferred language",
+      "theme": "Theme",
+      "themeDescription": "Choose your color scheme",
+      "themeLight": "Light",
+      "themeDark": "Dark",
+      "themeSystem": "System"
+    }
+  },
+  "errors": {
+    "notFound": "Page not found",
+    "notFoundDescription": "The page you're looking for doesn't exist.",
+    "unauthorized": "Unauthorized",
+    "unauthorizedDescription": "You don't have permission to access this page.",
+    "serverError": "Server error",
+    "serverErrorDescription": "Something went wrong on our end.",
+    "networkError": "Network error",
+    "networkErrorDescription": "Please check your internet connection.",
+    "validation": {
+      "required": "This field is required",
+      "email": "Please enter a valid email address",
+      "minLength": "Must be at least {min} characters",
+      "maxLength": "Must be at most {max} characters",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Passwords do not match",
+      "passwordWeak": "Password is too weak"
+    }
+  },
+  "validation": {
+    "required": "This field is required",
+    "email": "Invalid email address",
+    "minLength": "Minimum {count} characters required",
+    "maxLength": "Maximum {count} characters allowed",
+    "pattern": "Invalid format",
+    "passwordMismatch": "Passwords do not match"
+  },
+  "locale": {
+    "en": "English",
+    "it": "Italian",
+    "switchLanguage": "Switch language",
+    "currentLanguage": "Current language"
+  }
+}

frontend/messages/it.json

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Caricamento...",
+    "error": "Errore",
+    "success": "Successo",
+    "cancel": "Annulla",
+    "save": "Salva",
+    "delete": "Elimina",
+    "edit": "Modifica",
+    "close": "Chiudi",
+    "confirm": "Conferma",
+    "back": "Indietro",
+    "next": "Avanti",
+    "submit": "Invia",
+    "search": "Cerca",
+    "filter": "Filtra",
+    "clear": "Cancella",
+    "required": "Obbligatorio",
+    "optional": "Facoltativo",
+    "yes": "Sì",
+    "no": "No"
+  },
+  "navigation": {
+    "home": "Home",
+    "dashboard": "Dashboard",
+    "settings": "Impostazioni",
+    "profile": "Profilo",
+    "logout": "Disconnetti",
+    "loggingOut": "Disconnessione...",
+    "login": "Accedi",
+    "register": "Registrati",
+    "demos": "Demo",
+    "design": "Design System",
+    "admin": "Admin",
+    "adminPanel": "Pannello Admin"
+  },
+  "auth": {
+    "login": {
+      "title": "Accedi al tuo account",
+      "subtitle": "Inserisci la tua email per accedere al tuo account",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "nome@esempio.com",
+      "passwordLabel": "Password",
+      "passwordPlaceholder": "Inserisci la tua password",
+      "rememberMe": "Ricordami",
+      "forgotPassword": "Password dimenticata?",
+      "loginButton": "Accedi",
+      "loginButtonLoading": "Accesso in corso...",
+      "noAccount": "Non hai un account?",
+      "registerLink": "Registrati",
+      "success": "Accesso effettuato con successo",
+      "error": "Email o password non validi",
+      "unexpectedError": "Si è verificato un errore imprevisto. Riprova."
+    },
+    "register": {
+      "title": "Crea un account",
+      "subtitle": "Inserisci le tue informazioni per creare un account",
+      "firstNameLabel": "Nome",
+      "firstNamePlaceholder": "Mario",
+      "lastNameLabel": "Cognome",
+      "lastNamePlaceholder": "Rossi (facoltativo)",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "nome@esempio.com",
+      "passwordLabel": "Password",
+      "passwordPlaceholder": "Crea una password sicura",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Conferma Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Conferma la tua password",
+      "phoneLabel": "Numero di Telefono",
+      "phonePlaceholder": "+39 123 456 7890",
+      "registerButton": "Crea account",
+      "registerButtonLoading": "Creazione account...",
+      "hasAccount": "Hai già un account?",
+      "loginLink": "Accedi",
+      "success": "Account creato con successo",
+      "error": "Impossibile creare l'account",
+      "unexpectedError": "Si è verificato un errore imprevisto. Riprova.",
+      "passwordRequirements": {
+        "minLength": "Almeno 8 caratteri",
+        "hasNumber": "Contiene un numero",
+        "hasUppercase": "Contiene una lettera maiuscola"
+      },
+      "required": "*",
+      "firstNameRequired": "Il nome è obbligatorio",
+      "firstNameMinLength": "Il nome deve essere di almeno 2 caratteri",
+      "firstNameMaxLength": "Il nome non deve superare i 50 caratteri",
+      "lastNameMaxLength": "Il cognome non deve superare i 50 caratteri",
+      "passwordRequired": "La password è obbligatoria",
+      "passwordMinLength": "La password deve essere di almeno 8 caratteri",
+      "passwordNumber": "La password deve contenere almeno un numero",
+      "passwordUppercase": "La password deve contenere almeno una lettera maiuscola",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "Conferma la tua password",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Le password non corrispondono"
+    },
+    "passwordReset": {
+      "title": "Reimposta la tua password",
+      "subtitle": "Inserisci il tuo indirizzo email e ti invieremo un link per reimpostare la password",
+      "instructions": "Inserisci il tuo indirizzo email e ti invieremo le istruzioni per reimpostare la password.",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailPlaceholder": "nome@esempio.com",
+      "sendButton": "Invia Istruzioni di Reset",
+      "sendButtonLoading": "Invio in corso...",
+      "backToLogin": "Torna al login",
+      "rememberPassword": "Ricordi la tua password?",
+      "success": "Le istruzioni per il reset della password sono state inviate al tuo indirizzo email. Controlla la tua casella di posta.",
+      "error": "Impossibile inviare il link di reset",
+      "unexpectedError": "Si è verificato un errore imprevisto. Riprova.",
+      "required": "*"
+    },
+    "passwordChange": {
+      "title": "Cambia Password",
+      "currentPasswordLabel": "Password Attuale",
+      "newPasswordLabel": "Nuova Password",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Inserisci nuova password",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Conferma Nuova Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Reinserisci nuova password",
+      "changeButton": "Cambia Password",
+      "success": "Password cambiata con successo",
+      "error": "Impossibile cambiare la password"
+    },
+    "passwordResetConfirm": {
+      "title": "Reimposta Password",
+      "instructions": "Inserisci la tua nuova password qui sotto. Assicurati che soddisfi tutti i requisiti di sicurezza.",
+      "newPasswordLabel": "Nuova Password",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Inserisci nuova password",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Conferma Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Reinserisci nuova password",
+      "resetButton": "Reimposta Password",
+      "resetButtonLoading": "Reimpostazione Password...",
+      "rememberPassword": "Ricordi la tua password?",
+      "backToLogin": "Torna al login",
+      "success": "La tua password è stata reimpostata con successo. Ora puoi accedere con la tua nuova password.",
+      "unexpectedError": "Si è verificato un errore imprevisto. Riprova.",
+      "required": "*",
+      "tokenRequired": "Token di reset è obbligatorio",
+      "passwordRequired": "La nuova password è obbligatoria",
+      "passwordMinLength": "La password deve essere di almeno 8 caratteri",
+      "passwordNumber": "La password deve contenere almeno un numero",
+      "passwordUppercase": "La password deve contenere almeno una lettera maiuscola",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "Conferma la tua password",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Le password non corrispondono",
+      "passwordRequirements": {
+        "minLength": "Almeno 8 caratteri",
+        "hasNumber": "Contiene un numero",
+        "hasUppercase": "Contiene una lettera maiuscola"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "settings": {
+    "title": "Impostazioni",
+    "profile": {
+      "title": "Informazioni Profilo",
+      "subtitle": "Aggiorna le tue informazioni personali. Il tuo indirizzo email è di sola lettura.",
+      "firstNameLabel": "Nome",
+      "firstNamePlaceholder": "Mario",
+      "lastNameLabel": "Cognome",
+      "lastNamePlaceholder": "Rossi",
+      "emailLabel": "Email",
+      "emailDescription": "Il tuo indirizzo email non può essere modificato da questo modulo",
+      "phoneLabel": "Numero di Telefono",
+      "updateButton": "Salva Modifiche",
+      "updateButtonLoading": "Salvataggio...",
+      "resetButton": "Ripristina",
+      "success": "Profilo aggiornato con successo",
+      "error": "Impossibile aggiornare il profilo",
+      "unexpectedError": "Si è verificato un errore imprevisto. Riprova.",
+      "firstNameRequired": "Il nome è obbligatorio",
+      "firstNameMinLength": "Il nome deve essere di almeno 2 caratteri",
+      "firstNameMaxLength": "Il nome non deve superare i 50 caratteri",
+      "lastNameMaxLength": "Il cognome non deve superare i 50 caratteri",
+      "emailInvalid": "Indirizzo email non valido"
+    },
+    "password": {
+      "title": "Cambia Password",
+      "subtitle": "Aggiorna la tua password per mantenere il tuo account sicuro. Assicurati che sia forte e univoca.",
+      "currentPasswordLabel": "Password Attuale",
+      "currentPasswordPlaceholder": "Inserisci la tua password attuale",
+      "newPasswordLabel": "Nuova Password",
+      "newPasswordPlaceholder": "Inserisci la tua nuova password",
+      "newPasswordDescription": "Almeno 8 caratteri con maiuscole, minuscole, numeri e caratteri speciali",
+      "confirmPasswordLabel": "Conferma Nuova Password",
+      "confirmPasswordPlaceholder": "Conferma la tua nuova password",
+      "updateButton": "Cambia Password",
+      "updateButtonLoading": "Cambio Password...",
+      "cancelButton": "Annulla",
+      "success": "Password aggiornata con successo",
+      "error": "Impossibile aggiornare la password",
+      "unexpectedError": "Si è verificato un errore imprevisto. Riprova.",
+      "currentPasswordRequired": "La password attuale è obbligatoria",
+      "newPasswordRequired": "La nuova password è obbligatoria",
+      "newPasswordMinLength": "La password deve essere di almeno 8 caratteri",
+      "newPasswordNumber": "La password deve contenere almeno un numero",
+      "newPasswordUppercase": "La password deve contenere almeno una lettera maiuscola",
+      "newPasswordLowercase": "La password deve contenere almeno una lettera minuscola",
+      "newPasswordSpecial": "La password deve contenere almeno un carattere speciale",
+      "confirmPasswordRequired": "Conferma la tua nuova password",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Le password non corrispondono"
+    },
+    "sessions": {
+      "title": "Sessioni",
+      "subtitle": "Gestisci le tue sessioni attive",
+      "currentSession": "Sessione Corrente",
+      "activeSession": "Attiva",
+      "lastActive": "Ultima attività",
+      "device": "Dispositivo",
+      "location": "Posizione",
+      "revokeButton": "Revoca",
+      "revokeAll": "Revoca Tutte le Altre Sessioni",
+      "success": "Sessione revocata con successo",
+      "error": "Impossibile revocare la sessione"
+    },
+    "preferences": {
+      "title": "Preferenze",
+      "subtitle": "Personalizza la tua esperienza",
+      "language": "Lingua",
+      "languageDescription": "Seleziona la tua lingua preferita",
+      "theme": "Tema",
+      "themeDescription": "Scegli la tua combinazione di colori",
+      "themeLight": "Chiaro",
+      "themeDark": "Scuro",
+      "themeSystem": "Sistema"
+    }
+  },
+  "errors": {
+    "notFound": "Pagina non trovata",
+    "notFoundDescription": "La pagina che stai cercando non esiste.",
+    "unauthorized": "Non autorizzato",
+    "unauthorizedDescription": "Non hai i permessi per accedere a questa pagina.",
+    "serverError": "Errore del server",
+    "serverErrorDescription": "Qualcosa è andato storto dal nostro lato.",
+    "networkError": "Errore di rete",
+    "networkErrorDescription": "Controlla la tua connessione internet.",
+    "validation": {
+      "required": "Questo campo è obbligatorio",
+      "email": "Inserisci un indirizzo email valido",
+      "minLength": "Deve essere di almeno {min} caratteri",
+      "maxLength": "Deve essere al massimo {max} caratteri",
+      "passwordMismatch": "Le password non corrispondono",
+      "passwordWeak": "La password è troppo debole"
+    }
+  },
+  "validation": {
+    "required": "Questo campo è obbligatorio",
+    "email": "Indirizzo email non valido",
+    "minLength": "Minimo {count} caratteri richiesti",
+    "maxLength": "Massimo {count} caratteri consentiti",
+    "pattern": "Formato non valido",
+    "passwordMismatch": "Le password non corrispondono"
+  },
+  "locale": {
+    "en": "Inglese",
+    "it": "Italiano",
+    "switchLanguage": "Cambia lingua",
+    "currentLanguage": "Lingua corrente"
+  }
+}

frontend/next.config.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 import type { NextConfig } from 'next';
+import createNextIntlPlugin from 'next-intl/plugin';
+
+// Initialize next-intl plugin with i18n request config path
+const withNextIntl = createNextIntlPlugin('./src/lib/i18n/request.ts');
 
 const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
   output: 'standalone',
@@ -21,4 +25,5 @@ const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
   // Note: swcMinify is default in Next.js 15
 };
 
-export default nextConfig;
+// Wrap config with next-intl plugin
+export default withNextIntl(nextConfig);

frontend/package-lock.json

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
         "gray-matter": "^4.0.3",
         "lucide-react": "^0.552.0",
         "next": "^15.5.6",
+        "next-intl": "^4.5.3",
         "next-themes": "^0.4.6",
         "react": "^19.0.0",
         "react-dom": "^19.0.0",
@@ -1022,7 +1023,6 @@
       "version": "2.3.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/ecma402-abstract/-/ecma402-abstract-2.3.6.tgz",
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-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@formatjs/fast-memoize": "2.2.7",
@@ -1035,7 +1035,6 @@
       "version": "2.2.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/fast-memoize/-/fast-memoize-2.2.7.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Yabmi9nSvyOMrlSeGGWDiH7rf3a7sIwplbvo/dlz9WCIjzIQAfy1RMf4S0X3yG724n5Ghu2GmEl5NJIV6O9sZQ==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "tslib": "^2.8.0"
@@ -1045,7 +1044,6 @@
       "version": "2.11.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/icu-messageformat-parser/-/icu-messageformat-parser-2.11.4.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-7kR78cRrPNB4fjGFZg3Rmj5aah8rQj9KPzuLsmcSn4ipLXQvC04keycTI1F7kJYDwIXtT2+7IDEto842CfZBtw==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@formatjs/ecma402-abstract": "2.3.6",
@@ -1057,7 +1055,6 @@
       "version": "1.8.16",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/icu-skeleton-parser/-/icu-skeleton-parser-1.8.16.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-H13E9Xl+PxBd8D5/6TVUluSpxGNvFSlN/b3coUp0e0JpuWXXnQDiavIpY3NnvSp4xhEMoXyyBvVfdFX8jglOHQ==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@formatjs/ecma402-abstract": "2.3.6",
@@ -1068,7 +1065,6 @@
       "version": "0.6.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/intl-localematcher/-/intl-localematcher-0.6.2.tgz",
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-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "tslib": "^2.8.0"
@@ -4260,6 +4256,12 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@schummar/icu-type-parser": {
+      "version": "1.21.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@schummar/icu-type-parser/-/icu-type-parser-1.21.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bXHSaW5jRTmke9Vd0h5P7BtWZG9Znqb8gSDxZnxaGSJnGwPLDPfS+3g0BKzeWqzgZPsIVZkM7m2tbo18cm5HBw==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@sentry/core": {
       "version": "9.46.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@sentry/core/-/core-9.46.0.tgz",
@@ -4420,6 +4422,172 @@
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       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-darwin-arm64/-/core-darwin-arm64-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ghyz4RJv4zyXzrUC1B2MLQBbppIB5c4jMZJybX2ebdEQAvryEKp3gq1kBksCNsatKGmEgXul88SETU19sMWcrw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-darwin-x64": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-darwin-x64/-/core-darwin-x64-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7n/PGJOcL2QoptzL42L5xFFfXY5rFxLHnuz1foU+4ruUTG8x2IebGhtwVTpaDN8ShEv2UZObBlT1rrXTba15Zw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-linux-arm-gnueabihf": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-linux-arm-gnueabihf/-/core-linux-arm-gnueabihf-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZUQVCfRJ9wimuxkStRSlLwqX4TEDmv6/J+E6FicGkQ6ssLMWoKDy0cAo93HiWt/TWEee5vFhFaSQYzCuBEGO6A==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-linux-arm64-gnu": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-linux-arm64-gnu/-/core-linux-arm64-gnu-1.15.2.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-linux-arm64-musl": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-linux-arm64-musl/-/core-linux-arm64-musl-1.15.2.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
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+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-linux-x64-gnu/-/core-linux-x64-gnu-1.15.2.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-linux-x64-musl": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-linux-x64-musl/-/core-linux-x64-musl-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ksfrb0Tx310kr+TLiUOvB/I80lyZ3lSOp6cM18zmNRT/92NB4mW8oX2Jo7K4eVEI2JWyaQUAFubDSha2Q+439A==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-win32-arm64-msvc": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-win32-arm64-msvc/-/core-win32-arm64-msvc-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IzUb5RlMUY0r1A9IuJrQ7Tbts1wWb73/zXVXT8VhewbHGoNlBKE0qUhKMED6Tv4wDF+pmbtUJmKXDthytAvLmg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-win32-ia32-msvc": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-win32-ia32-msvc/-/core-win32-ia32-msvc-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kCATEzuY2LP9AlbU2uScjcVhgnCAkRdu62vbce17Ro5kxEHxYWcugkveyBRS3AqZGtwAKYbMAuNloer9LS/hpw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ia32"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/core-win32-x64-msvc": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core-win32-x64-msvc/-/core-win32-x64-msvc-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iJaHeYCF4jTn7OEKSa3KRiuVFIVYts8jYjNmCdyz1u5g8HRyTDISD76r8+ljEOgm36oviRQvcXaw6LFp1m0yyA==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@swc/counter": {
+      "version": "0.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/counter/-/counter-0.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-e2BR4lsJkkRlKZ/qCHPw9ZaSxc0MVUd7gtbtaB7aMvHeJVYe8sOB8DBZkP2DtISHGSku9sCK6T6cnY0CtXrOCQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0"
+    },
     "node_modules/@swc/helpers": {
       "version": "0.5.15",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/helpers/-/helpers-0.5.15.tgz",
@@ -4429,6 +4597,15 @@
         "tslib": "^2.8.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@swc/types": {
+      "version": "0.1.25",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/types/-/types-0.1.25.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iAoY/qRhNH8a/hBvm3zKj9qQ4oc2+3w1unPJa2XvTK3XjeLXtzcCingVPw/9e5mn1+0yPqxcBGp9Jf0pkfMb1g==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@swc/counter": "^0.1.3"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@tailwindcss/node": {
       "version": "4.1.16",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tailwindcss/node/-/node-4.1.16.tgz",
@@ -7461,7 +7638,6 @@
       "version": "10.6.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/decimal.js/-/decimal.js-10.6.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-YpgQiITW3JXGntzdUmyUR1V812Hn8T1YVXhCu+wO3OpS4eU9l4YdD3qjyiKdV6mvV29zapkMeD390UVEf2lkUg==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/decimal.js-light": {
@@ -9891,7 +10067,6 @@
       "version": "10.7.18",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/intl-messageformat/-/intl-messageformat-10.7.18.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-m3Ofv/X/tV8Y3tHXLohcuVuhWKo7BBq62cqY15etqmLxg2DZ34AGGgQDeR+SCta2+zICb1NX83af0GJmbQ1++g==",
-      "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "@formatjs/ecma402-abstract": "2.3.6",
@@ -13390,6 +13565,15 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/negotiator": {
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/negotiator/-/negotiator-1.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8Ofs/AUQh8MaEcrlq5xOX0CQ9ypTF5dl78mjlMNfOK08fzpgTHQRQPBxcPlEtIw0yRpws+Zo/3r+5WRby7u3Gg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/neo-async": {
       "version": "2.6.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/neo-async/-/neo-async-2.6.2.tgz",
@@ -13459,6 +13643,92 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/next-intl": {
+      "version": "4.5.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/next-intl/-/next-intl-4.5.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/omQgD0JyewIwJa0F5/HPRe5LYAVBNcGDgZvnv6hul8lI1KMcCcxErMXUiNjyc5kuQqLQeWUa2e4ICx09uL8FA==",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "individual",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/amannn"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@formatjs/intl-localematcher": "^0.5.4",
+        "@swc/core": "^1.13.19",
+        "negotiator": "^1.0.0",
+        "use-intl": "^4.5.3"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "next": "^12.0.0 || ^13.0.0 || ^14.0.0 || ^15.0.0 || ^16.0.0",
+        "react": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || >=19.0.0-rc <19.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
+        "typescript": "^5.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "typescript": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/next-intl/node_modules/@formatjs/intl-localematcher": {
+      "version": "0.5.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@formatjs/intl-localematcher/-/intl-localematcher-0.5.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-af3qATX+m4Rnd9+wHcjJ4w2ijq+rAVP3CCinJQvFv1kgSu1W6jypUmvleJxcewdxmutM8dmIRZFxO/IQBZmP2Q==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/next-intl/node_modules/@swc/core": {
+      "version": "1.15.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/core/-/core-1.15.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OQm+yJdXxvSjqGeaWhP6Ia264ogifwAO7Q12uTDVYj/Ks4jBTI4JknlcjDRAXtRhqbWsfbZyK/5RtuIPyptk3w==",
+      "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@swc/counter": "^0.1.3",
+        "@swc/types": "^0.1.25"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/swc"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@swc/core-darwin-arm64": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-darwin-x64": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-linux-arm64-gnu": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-linux-arm64-musl": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-linux-x64-gnu": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-linux-x64-musl": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-win32-arm64-msvc": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-win32-ia32-msvc": "1.15.2",
+        "@swc/core-win32-x64-msvc": "1.15.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@swc/helpers": ">=0.5.17"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@swc/helpers": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/next-intl/node_modules/@swc/helpers": {
+      "version": "0.5.17",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@swc/helpers/-/helpers-0.5.17.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5IKx/Y13RsYd+sauPb2x+U/xZikHjolzfuDgTAl/Tdf3Q8rslRvC19NKDLgAJQ6wsqADk10ntlv08nPFw/gO/A==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "peer": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.8.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/next-themes": {
       "version": "0.4.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/next-themes/-/next-themes-0.4.6.tgz",
@@ -16536,7 +16806,7 @@
       "version": "5.9.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.9.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
-      "dev": true,
+      "devOptional": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
@@ -16784,6 +17054,20 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/use-intl": {
+      "version": "4.5.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/use-intl/-/use-intl-4.5.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vO2csOEc+xpi5PdvjTKORR4ZZQE6mz2jheefOszLOjppWx8SATC2XkmxUYwSHz1HIrcW6alUsj9qfPa6ZFhTNA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@formatjs/fast-memoize": "^2.2.0",
+        "@schummar/icu-type-parser": "1.21.5",
+        "intl-messageformat": "^10.5.14"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || >=19.0.0-rc <19.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/use-sidecar": {
       "version": "1.1.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/use-sidecar/-/use-sidecar-1.1.3.tgz",

frontend/package.json

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
     "gray-matter": "^4.0.3",
     "lucide-react": "^0.552.0",
     "next": "^15.5.6",
+    "next-intl": "^4.5.3",
     "next-themes": "^0.4.6",
     "react": "^19.0.0",
     "react-dom": "^19.0.0",

frontend/src/app/(authenticated)/settings/page.tsx

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Settings Index Page
- * Redirects to /settings/profile
- */
-
-import { redirect } from 'next/navigation';
-
-export default function SettingsPage() {
-  redirect('/settings/profile');
-}

frontend/src/app/[locale]/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/PasswordResetConfirmContent.tsx

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import { useSearchParams, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useRouter } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import dynamic from 'next/dynamic';
 import { Alert } from '@/components/ui/alert';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 
 // Code-split PasswordResetConfirmForm (319 lines)
 const PasswordResetConfirmForm = dynamic(

frontend/src/app/[locale]/(authenticated)/settings/layout.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { usePathname } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Tabs, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tabs';
 import { User, Lock, Monitor, Settings as SettingsIcon } from 'lucide-react';
 

frontend/src/app/[locale]/(authenticated)/settings/page.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * Settings Index Page
+ * Redirects to /settings/profile
+ */
+
+import { redirect } from 'next/navigation';
+
+export default async function SettingsPage({ params }: { params: Promise<{ locale: string }> }) {
+  const { locale } = await params;
+  redirect(`/${locale}/settings/profile`);
+}

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/organizations/[id]/members/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /* istanbul ignore next - Next.js type import for metadata */
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ArrowLeft } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { OrganizationMembersContent } from '@/components/admin/organizations/OrganizationMembersContent';

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/organizations/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /* istanbul ignore next - Next.js type import for metadata */
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ArrowLeft } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { OrganizationManagementContent } from '@/components/admin/organizations/OrganizationManagementContent';

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /* istanbul ignore next - Next.js type import for metadata */
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { DashboardStats } from '@/components/admin';
 import {
   UserGrowthChart,

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/settings/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /* istanbul ignore next - Next.js type import for metadata */
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ArrowLeft } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/users/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /* istanbul ignore next - Next.js type import for metadata */
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ArrowLeft } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { UserManagementContent } from '@/components/admin/users/UserManagementContent';

frontend/src/app/[locale]/demos/page.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import {
   Palette,
   ShieldCheck,
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import {
   LogIn,
   Settings,
   Users,
-  Lock,
   Activity,
   UserCog,
   BarChart3,
@@ -28,7 +27,8 @@ import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator';
 
 export const metadata: Metadata = {
   title: 'Demo Tour | FastNext Template',
-  description: 'Try all features with demo credentials - comprehensive guide to the FastNext template',
+  description:
+    'Try all features with demo credentials - comprehensive guide to the FastNext template',
 };
 
 const demoCategories = [
@@ -37,7 +37,12 @@ const demoCategories = [
     title: 'Design System Hub',
     description: 'Browse components, layouts, spacing, and forms with live examples',
     href: '/dev',
-    features: ['All UI components', 'Layout patterns', 'Spacing philosophy', 'Form implementations'],
+    features: [
+      'All UI components',
+      'Layout patterns',
+      'Spacing philosophy',
+      'Form implementations',
+    ],
     credentials: null,
   },
   {
@@ -261,7 +266,8 @@ export default function DemoTourPage() {
                       {/* CTA */}
                       <Button asChild className="w-full gap-2">
                         <Link href={category.href}>
-                          {category.credentials ? 'Try Now' : 'Explore'} <ArrowRight className="h-4 w-4" />
+                          {category.credentials ? 'Try Now' : 'Explore'}{' '}
+                          <ArrowRight className="h-4 w-4" />
                         </Link>
                       </Button>
                     </CardContent>

frontend/src/app/[locale]/dev/docs/page.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Access: /dev/docs
  */
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import {
   BookOpen,
   Sparkles,

frontend/src/app/[locale]/dev/forms/page.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';

frontend/src/app/[locale]/dev/layouts/page.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Grid3x3 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { DevBreadcrumbs } from '@/components/dev/DevBreadcrumbs';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

frontend/src/app/[locale]/dev/page.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Palette, Layout, Ruler, FileText, BookOpen, ArrowRight, Sparkles } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ import { Separator } from '@/components/ui/separator';
 
 export const metadata: Metadata = {
   title: 'Design System Hub | FastNext Template',
-  description: 'Interactive design system demonstrations with live examples - explore components, layouts, spacing, and forms built with shadcn/ui and Tailwind CSS',
+  description:
+    'Interactive design system demonstrations with live examples - explore components, layouts, spacing, and forms built with shadcn/ui and Tailwind CSS',
 };
 
 const demoPages = [

frontend/src/app/[locale]/dev/spacing/page.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
 import dynamic from 'next/dynamic';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Ruler } from 'lucide-react';
 import { DevBreadcrumbs } from '@/components/dev/DevBreadcrumbs';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

frontend/src/app/[locale]/forbidden/page.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 /* istanbul ignore next - Next.js type import for metadata */
 import type { Metadata } from 'next';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ShieldAlert } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 

frontend/src/app/[locale]/layout.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+import { Geist, Geist_Mono } from 'next/font/google';
+import { notFound } from 'next/navigation';
+import { routing } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
+import { NextIntlClientProvider } from 'next-intl';
+import { getMessages } from 'next-intl/server';
+import '../globals.css';
+import { Providers } from '../providers';
+import { AuthProvider } from '@/lib/auth/AuthContext';
+import { AuthInitializer } from '@/components/auth';
+
+const geistSans = Geist({
+  variable: '--font-geist-sans',
+  subsets: ['latin'],
+  display: 'swap', // Prevent font from blocking render
+  preload: true,
+});
+
+const geistMono = Geist_Mono({
+  variable: '--font-geist-mono',
+  subsets: ['latin'],
+  display: 'swap', // Prevent font from blocking render
+  preload: false, // Only preload primary font
+});
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'FastNext Template',
+  description: 'FastAPI + Next.js Template',
+};
+
+export default async function LocaleLayout({
+  children,
+  params,
+}: Readonly<{
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  params: Promise<{ locale: string }>;
+}>) {
+  // Await params in Next.js 15
+  const { locale } = await params;
+
+  // Ensure that the incoming `locale` is valid
+  if (!routing.locales.includes(locale as 'en' | 'it')) {
+    notFound();
+  }
+
+  // Providing all messages to the client
+  // side is the easiest way to get started
+  const messages = await getMessages();
+
+  return (
+    <html lang={locale} suppressHydrationWarning>
+      <head>
+        {/* Theme initialization script - runs before React hydrates to prevent FOUC */}
+        <script
+          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
+            __html: `
+              (function() {
+                try {
+                  const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'system';
+                  let resolved;
+
+                  if (theme === 'system') {
+                    resolved = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light';
+                  } else {
+                    resolved = theme;
+                  }
+
+                  document.documentElement.classList.remove('light', 'dark');
+                  document.documentElement.classList.add(resolved);
+                } catch (e) {
+                  // Silently fail - theme will be set by ThemeProvider
+                }
+              })();
+            `,
+          }}
+        />
+      </head>
+      <body className={`${geistSans.variable} ${geistMono.variable} antialiased`}>
+        <NextIntlClientProvider messages={messages}>
+          <AuthProvider>
+            <AuthInitializer />
+            <Providers>{children}</Providers>
+          </AuthProvider>
+        </NextIntlClientProvider>
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/app/[locale]/page.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Homepage / Landing Page
+ * Main landing page for the FastNext Template project
+ * Showcases features, tech stack, and provides demos for developers
+ */
+
+'use client';
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
+import { Header } from '@/components/home/Header';
+import { HeroSection } from '@/components/home/HeroSection';
+import { ContextSection } from '@/components/home/ContextSection';
+import { AnimatedTerminal } from '@/components/home/AnimatedTerminal';
+import { FeatureGrid } from '@/components/home/FeatureGrid';
+import { DemoSection } from '@/components/home/DemoSection';
+import { StatsSection } from '@/components/home/StatsSection';
+import { TechStackSection } from '@/components/home/TechStackSection';
+import { PhilosophySection } from '@/components/home/PhilosophySection';
+import { QuickStartCode } from '@/components/home/QuickStartCode';
+import { CTASection } from '@/components/home/CTASection';
+import { DemoCredentialsModal } from '@/components/home/DemoCredentialsModal';
+
+export default function Home() {
+  const [demoModalOpen, setDemoModalOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="min-h-screen">
+      {/* Header Navigation */}
+      <Header onOpenDemoModal={() => setDemoModalOpen(true)} />
+
+      {/* Main Content */}
+      <main>
+        {/* Hero Section with CTAs */}
+        <HeroSection onOpenDemoModal={() => setDemoModalOpen(true)} />
+
+        {/* What is this template? */}
+        <ContextSection />
+
+        {/* Animated Terminal with Quick Start */}
+        <AnimatedTerminal />
+
+        {/* 6 Feature Cards Grid */}
+        <FeatureGrid />
+
+        {/* Interactive Demo Cards */}
+        <DemoSection />
+
+        {/* Statistics with Animated Counters */}
+        <StatsSection />
+
+        {/* Tech Stack Grid */}
+        <TechStackSection />
+
+        {/* For Developers, By Developers */}
+        <PhilosophySection />
+
+        {/* Quick Start Code Block */}
+        <QuickStartCode />
+
+        {/* Final CTA Section */}
+        <CTASection onOpenDemoModal={() => setDemoModalOpen(true)} />
+      </main>
+
+      {/* Footer */}
+      <footer className="border-t bg-muted/30">
+        <div className="container mx-auto px-6 py-8">
+          <div className="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4">
+            <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+              © {new Date().getFullYear()} FastNext Template. MIT Licensed.
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-6 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+              <Link href="/demos" className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors">
+                Demo Tour
+              </Link>
+              <Link href="/dev" className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors">
+                Design System
+              </Link>
+              <a
+                href="https://github.com"
+                target="_blank"
+                rel="noopener noreferrer"
+                className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
+              >
+                GitHub
+              </a>
+              <Link href="/dev/docs" className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors">
+                Documentation
+              </Link>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </footer>
+
+      {/* Shared Demo Credentials Modal */}
+      <DemoCredentialsModal open={demoModalOpen} onClose={() => setDemoModalOpen(false)} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/app/layout.tsx

@@ -1,68 +1,15 @@
-import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+/**
-import { Geist, Geist_Mono } from 'next/font/google';
+ * Root Layout
-import './globals.css';
+ *
-import { Providers } from './providers';
+ * Minimal root layout that passes through to locale-specific layouts.
-import { AuthProvider } from '@/lib/auth/AuthContext';
+ * The actual HTML structure and providers are in [locale]/layout.tsx
-import { AuthInitializer } from '@/components/auth';
+ * to properly handle locale-specific rendering.
-
+ */
-const geistSans = Geist({
-  variable: '--font-geist-sans',
-  subsets: ['latin'],
-  display: 'swap', // Prevent font from blocking render
-  preload: true,
-});
-
-const geistMono = Geist_Mono({
-  variable: '--font-geist-mono',
-  subsets: ['latin'],
-  display: 'swap', // Prevent font from blocking render
-  preload: false, // Only preload primary font
-});
-
-export const metadata: Metadata = {
-  title: 'FastNext Template',
-  description: 'FastAPI + Next.js Template',
-};
 
 export default function RootLayout({
   children,
 }: Readonly<{
   children: React.ReactNode;
 }>) {
-  return (
+  return children;
-    <html lang="en" suppressHydrationWarning>
-      <head>
-        {/* Theme initialization script - runs before React hydrates to prevent FOUC */}
-        <script
-          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
-            __html: `
-              (function() {
-                try {
-                  const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'system';
-                  let resolved;
-
-                  if (theme === 'system') {
-                    resolved = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light';
-                  } else {
-                    resolved = theme;
-                  }
-
-                  document.documentElement.classList.remove('light', 'dark');
-                  document.documentElement.classList.add(resolved);
-                } catch (e) {
-                  // Silently fail - theme will be set by ThemeProvider
-                }
-              })();
-            `,
-          }}
-        />
-      </head>
-      <body className={`${geistSans.variable} ${geistMono.variable} antialiased`}>
-        <AuthProvider>
-          <AuthInitializer />
-          <Providers>{children}</Providers>
-        </AuthProvider>
-      </body>
-    </html>
-  );
 }

frontend/src/app/page.tsx

@@ -1,99 +1,10 @@
 /**
- * Homepage / Landing Page
+ * Root page - redirects to default locale
- * Main landing page for the FastNext Template project
- * Showcases features, tech stack, and provides demos for developers
  */
 
-'use client';
+import { redirect } from 'next/navigation';
 
-import { useState } from 'react';
+export default function RootPage() {
-import Link from 'next/link';
+  // Redirect to default locale (en)
-import { Header } from '@/components/home/Header';
+  redirect('/en');
-import { HeroSection } from '@/components/home/HeroSection';
-import { ContextSection } from '@/components/home/ContextSection';
-import { AnimatedTerminal } from '@/components/home/AnimatedTerminal';
-import { FeatureGrid } from '@/components/home/FeatureGrid';
-import { DemoSection } from '@/components/home/DemoSection';
-import { StatsSection } from '@/components/home/StatsSection';
-import { TechStackSection } from '@/components/home/TechStackSection';
-import { PhilosophySection } from '@/components/home/PhilosophySection';
-import { QuickStartCode } from '@/components/home/QuickStartCode';
-import { CTASection } from '@/components/home/CTASection';
-import { DemoCredentialsModal } from '@/components/home/DemoCredentialsModal';
-
-export default function Home() {
-  const [demoModalOpen, setDemoModalOpen] = useState(false);
-
-  return (
-    <div className="min-h-screen">
-      {/* Header Navigation */}
-      <Header onOpenDemoModal={() => setDemoModalOpen(true)} />
-
-      {/* Main Content */}
-      <main>
-        {/* Hero Section with CTAs */}
-        <HeroSection onOpenDemoModal={() => setDemoModalOpen(true)} />
-
-        {/* What is this template? */}
-        <ContextSection />
-
-        {/* Animated Terminal with Quick Start */}
-        <AnimatedTerminal />
-
-        {/* 6 Feature Cards Grid */}
-        <FeatureGrid />
-
-        {/* Interactive Demo Cards */}
-        <DemoSection />
-
-        {/* Statistics with Animated Counters */}
-        <StatsSection />
-
-        {/* Tech Stack Grid */}
-        <TechStackSection />
-
-        {/* For Developers, By Developers */}
-        <PhilosophySection />
-
-        {/* Quick Start Code Block */}
-        <QuickStartCode />
-
-        {/* Final CTA Section */}
-        <CTASection onOpenDemoModal={() => setDemoModalOpen(true)} />
-      </main>
-
-      {/* Footer */}
-      <footer className="border-t bg-muted/30">
-        <div className="container mx-auto px-6 py-8">
-          <div className="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4">
-            <div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              © {new Date().getFullYear()} FastNext Template. MIT Licensed.
-            </div>
-            <div className="flex items-center gap-6 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              <Link href="/demos" className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors">
-                Demo Tour
-              </Link>
-              <Link href="/dev" className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors">
-                Design System
-              </Link>
-              <a
-                href="https://github.com"
-                target="_blank"
-                rel="noopener noreferrer"
-                className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors"
-              >
-                GitHub
-              </a>
-              <Link href="/dev/docs" className="hover:text-foreground transition-colors">
-                Documentation
-              </Link>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </footer>
-
-      {/* Shared Demo Credentials Modal */}
-      <DemoCredentialsModal open={demoModalOpen} onClose={() => setDemoModalOpen(false)} />
-    </div>
-  );
 }

frontend/src/components/admin/AdminSidebar.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
-import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { usePathname } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import {
   LayoutDashboard,

frontend/src/components/admin/Breadcrumbs.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
-import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { usePathname } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ChevronRight } from 'lucide-react';
 
 interface BreadcrumbItem {
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ export function Breadcrumbs() {
   const pathname = usePathname();
 
   // Generate breadcrumb items from pathname
+  // Note: usePathname() from next-intl returns path WITHOUT locale prefix
   const generateBreadcrumbs = (): BreadcrumbItem[] => {
     const segments = pathname.split('/').filter(Boolean);
     const breadcrumbs: BreadcrumbItem[] = [];

frontend/src/components/admin/organizations/OrganizationManagementContent.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { useSearchParams, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useRouter } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Plus } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import {

frontend/src/components/admin/organizations/OrganizationMembersContent.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { useSearchParams, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useRouter } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { UserPlus } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import {

frontend/src/components/admin/users/UserManagementContent.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { useSearchParams, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useRouter } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Plus } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth/AuthContext';

frontend/src/components/auth/AuthGuard.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
-import { useRouter, usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useRouter, usePathname } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth/AuthContext';
 import { useMe } from '@/lib/api/hooks/useAuth';
 import { AuthLoadingSkeleton } from '@/components/layout';

frontend/src/components/auth/LoginForm.tsx

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
@@ -23,17 +24,18 @@ import config from '@/config/app.config';
 // Validation Schema
 // ============================================================================
 
-const loginSchema = z.object({
+const createLoginSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
-  email: z.string().min(1, 'Email is required').email('Please enter a valid email address'),
+  z.object({
+    email: z.string().min(1, t('validation.required')).email(t('validation.email')),
     password: z
       .string()
-    .min(1, 'Password is required')
+      .min(1, t('validation.required'))
-    .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters')
+      .min(8, t('validation.minLength').replace('{count}', '8'))
-    .regex(/[0-9]/, 'Password must contain at least one number')
+      .regex(/[0-9]/, t('errors.validation.passwordWeak'))
-    .regex(/[A-Z]/, 'Password must contain at least one uppercase letter'),
+      .regex(/[A-Z]/, t('errors.validation.passwordWeak')),
   });
 
-type LoginFormData = z.infer<typeof loginSchema>;
+type LoginFormData = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createLoginSchema>>;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Component
@@ -74,9 +76,22 @@ export function LoginForm({
   showPasswordResetLink = true,
   className,
 }: LoginFormProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('auth.login');
+  const tValidation = useTranslations('validation');
+  const tErrors = useTranslations('errors.validation');
   const [serverError, setServerError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const loginMutation = useLogin();
 
+  const loginSchema = createLoginSchema((key: string) => {
+    if (key.startsWith('validation.')) {
+      return tValidation(key.replace('validation.', ''));
+    }
+    if (key.startsWith('errors.validation.')) {
+      return tErrors(key.replace('errors.validation.', ''));
+    }
+    return key;
+  });
+
   const form = useForm<LoginFormData>({
     resolver: zodResolver(loginSchema),
     mode: 'onBlur',
@@ -116,7 +131,7 @@ export function LoginForm({
         });
       } else {
         // Unexpected error format
-        setServerError('An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.');
+        setServerError(t('unexpectedError'));
       }
     }
   };
@@ -135,11 +150,11 @@ export function LoginForm({
 
         {/* Email Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
-          <Label htmlFor="email">Email</Label>
+          <Label htmlFor="email">{t('emailLabel')}</Label>
           <Input
             id="email"
             type="email"
-            placeholder="you@example.com"
+            placeholder={t('emailPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="email"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('email')}
@@ -156,20 +171,20 @@ export function LoginForm({
         {/* Password Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-            <Label htmlFor="password">Password</Label>
+            <Label htmlFor="password">{t('passwordLabel')}</Label>
             {showPasswordResetLink && (
               <Link
                 href="/password-reset"
                 className="text-sm text-muted-foreground hover:text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline"
               >
-                Forgot password?
+                {t('forgotPassword')}
               </Link>
             )}
           </div>
           <Input
             id="password"
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Enter your password"
+            placeholder={t('passwordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="current-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('password')}
@@ -185,18 +200,18 @@ export function LoginForm({
 
         {/* Submit Button */}
         <Button type="submit" className="w-full" disabled={isSubmitting}>
-          {isSubmitting ? 'Signing in...' : 'Sign in'}
+          {isSubmitting ? t('loginButtonLoading') : t('loginButton')}
         </Button>
 
         {/* Registration Link */}
         {showRegisterLink && config.features.enableRegistration && (
           <p className="text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            Don&apos;t have an account?{' '}
+            {t('noAccount')}{' '}
             <Link
               href={config.routes.register}
               className="text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline font-medium"
             >
-              Sign up
+              {t('registerLink')}
             </Link>
           </p>
         )}

frontend/src/components/auth/PasswordResetConfirmForm.tsx

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
@@ -22,23 +23,24 @@ import { getGeneralError, getFieldErrors, isAPIErrorArray } from '@/lib/api/erro
 // Validation Schema
 // ============================================================================
 
-const resetConfirmSchema = z
+const createResetConfirmSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
+  z
     .object({
-    token: z.string().min(1, 'Reset token is required'),
+      token: z.string().min(1, t('tokenRequired')),
       new_password: z
         .string()
-      .min(1, 'New password is required')
+        .min(1, t('passwordRequired'))
-      .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters')
+        .min(8, t('passwordMinLength'))
-      .regex(/[0-9]/, 'Password must contain at least one number')
+        .regex(/[0-9]/, t('passwordNumber'))
-      .regex(/[A-Z]/, 'Password must contain at least one uppercase letter'),
+        .regex(/[A-Z]/, t('passwordUppercase')),
-    confirm_password: z.string().min(1, 'Please confirm your password'),
+      confirm_password: z.string().min(1, t('confirmPasswordRequired')),
     })
     .refine((data) => data.new_password === data.confirm_password, {
-    message: 'Passwords do not match',
+      message: t('passwordMismatch'),
       path: ['confirm_password'],
     });
 
-type ResetConfirmFormData = z.infer<typeof resetConfirmSchema>;
+type ResetConfirmFormData = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createResetConfirmSchema>>;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Helper Functions
@@ -104,10 +106,13 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
   showLoginLink = true,
   className,
 }: PasswordResetConfirmFormProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('auth.passwordResetConfirm');
   const [serverError, setServerError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [successMessage, setSuccessMessage] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const resetMutation = usePasswordResetConfirm();
 
+  const resetConfirmSchema = createResetConfirmSchema((key: string) => t(key));
+
   const form = useForm<ResetConfirmFormData>({
     resolver: zodResolver(resetConfirmSchema),
     defaultValues: {
@@ -134,9 +139,7 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
       });
 
       // Show success message
-      setSuccessMessage(
+      setSuccessMessage(t('success'));
-        'Your password has been successfully reset. You can now log in with your new password.'
-      );
 
       // Reset form
       form.reset({ token, new_password: '', confirm_password: '' });
@@ -161,7 +164,7 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
         });
       } else {
         // Unexpected error format
-        setServerError('An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.');
+        setServerError(t('unexpectedError'));
       }
     }
   };
@@ -186,9 +189,7 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
         )}
 
         {/* Instructions */}
-        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t('instructions')}</p>
-          Enter your new password below. Make sure it meets all security requirements.
-        </p>
 
         {/* Hidden Token Field (for form submission) */}
         <input type="hidden" {...form.register('token')} />
@@ -196,12 +197,12 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
         {/* New Password Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="new_password">
-            New Password <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('newPasswordLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="new_password"
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Enter new password"
+            placeholder={t('newPasswordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="new-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('new_password')}
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
                       : 'text-muted-foreground'
                   }
                 >
-                  {passwordStrength.hasMinLength ? '✓' : '○'} At least 8 characters
+                  {passwordStrength.hasMinLength ? '✓' : '○'} {t('passwordRequirements.minLength')}
                 </li>
                 <li
                   className={
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
                       : 'text-muted-foreground'
                   }
                 >
-                  {passwordStrength.hasNumber ? '✓' : '○'} Contains a number
+                  {passwordStrength.hasNumber ? '✓' : '○'} {t('passwordRequirements.hasNumber')}
                 </li>
                 <li
                   className={
@@ -258,7 +259,8 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
                       : 'text-muted-foreground'
                   }
                 >
-                  {passwordStrength.hasUppercase ? '✓' : '○'} Contains an uppercase letter
+                  {passwordStrength.hasUppercase ? '✓' : '○'}{' '}
+                  {t('passwordRequirements.hasUppercase')}
                 </li>
               </ul>
             </div>
@@ -268,12 +270,12 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
         {/* Confirm Password Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="confirm_password">
-            Confirm Password <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('confirmPasswordLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="confirm_password"
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Re-enter new password"
+            placeholder={t('confirmPasswordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="new-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('confirm_password')}
@@ -292,18 +294,18 @@ export function PasswordResetConfirmForm({
 
         {/* Submit Button */}
         <Button type="submit" className="w-full" disabled={isSubmitting}>
-          {isSubmitting ? 'Resetting Password...' : 'Reset Password'}
+          {isSubmitting ? t('resetButtonLoading') : t('resetButton')}
         </Button>
 
         {/* Login Link */}
         {showLoginLink && (
           <p className="text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            Remember your password?{' '}
+            {t('rememberPassword')}{' '}
             <Link
               href="/login"
               className="text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline font-medium"
             >
-              Back to login
+              {t('backToLogin')}
             </Link>
           </p>
         )}

frontend/src/components/auth/PasswordResetRequestForm.tsx

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
@@ -22,11 +23,12 @@ import { getGeneralError, getFieldErrors, isAPIErrorArray } from '@/lib/api/erro
 // Validation Schema
 // ============================================================================
 
-const resetRequestSchema = z.object({
+const createResetRequestSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
-  email: z.string().min(1, 'Email is required').email('Please enter a valid email address'),
+  z.object({
+    email: z.string().min(1, t('validation.required')).email(t('validation.email')),
   });
 
-type ResetRequestFormData = z.infer<typeof resetRequestSchema>;
+type ResetRequestFormData = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createResetRequestSchema>>;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Component
@@ -64,10 +66,19 @@ export function PasswordResetRequestForm({
   showLoginLink = true,
   className,
 }: PasswordResetRequestFormProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('auth.passwordReset');
+  const tValidation = useTranslations('validation');
   const [serverError, setServerError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [successMessage, setSuccessMessage] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const resetMutation = usePasswordResetRequest();
 
+  const resetRequestSchema = createResetRequestSchema((key: string) => {
+    if (key.startsWith('validation.')) {
+      return tValidation(key.replace('validation.', ''));
+    }
+    return t(key);
+  });
+
   const form = useForm<ResetRequestFormData>({
     resolver: zodResolver(resetRequestSchema),
     defaultValues: {
@@ -86,9 +97,7 @@ export function PasswordResetRequestForm({
       await resetMutation.mutateAsync({ email: data.email });
 
       // Show success message
-      setSuccessMessage(
+      setSuccessMessage(t('success'));
-        'Password reset instructions have been sent to your email address. Please check your inbox.'
-      );
 
       // Reset form
       form.reset();
@@ -113,7 +122,7 @@ export function PasswordResetRequestForm({
         });
       } else {
         // Unexpected error format
-        setServerError('An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.');
+        setServerError(t('unexpectedError'));
       }
     }
   };
@@ -138,19 +147,17 @@ export function PasswordResetRequestForm({
         )}
 
         {/* Instructions */}
-        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t('instructions')}</p>
-          Enter your email address and we&apos;ll send you instructions to reset your password.
-        </p>
 
         {/* Email Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="email">
-            Email <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('emailLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="email"
             type="email"
-            placeholder="you@example.com"
+            placeholder={t('emailPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="email"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('email')}
@@ -167,18 +174,18 @@ export function PasswordResetRequestForm({
 
         {/* Submit Button */}
         <Button type="submit" className="w-full" disabled={isSubmitting}>
-          {isSubmitting ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Reset Instructions'}
+          {isSubmitting ? t('sendButtonLoading') : t('sendButton')}
         </Button>
 
         {/* Login Link */}
         {showLoginLink && (
           <p className="text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            Remember your password?{' '}
+            {t('rememberPassword')}{' '}
             <Link
               href="/login"
               className="text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline font-medium"
             >
-              Back to login
+              {t('backToLogin')}
             </Link>
           </p>
         )}

frontend/src/components/auth/RegisterForm.tsx

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
@@ -23,33 +24,34 @@ import config from '@/config/app.config';
 // Validation Schema
 // ============================================================================
 
-const registerSchema = z
+const createRegisterSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
+  z
     .object({
-    email: z.string().min(1, 'Email is required').email('Please enter a valid email address'),
+      email: z.string().min(1, t('validation.required')).email(t('validation.email')),
       first_name: z
         .string()
-      .min(1, 'First name is required')
+        .min(1, t('firstNameRequired'))
-      .min(2, 'First name must be at least 2 characters')
+        .min(2, t('firstNameMinLength'))
-      .max(50, 'First name must not exceed 50 characters'),
+        .max(50, t('firstNameMaxLength')),
       last_name: z
         .string()
-      .max(50, 'Last name must not exceed 50 characters')
+        .max(50, t('lastNameMaxLength'))
         .optional()
         .or(z.literal('')), // Allow empty string
       password: z
         .string()
-      .min(1, 'Password is required')
+        .min(1, t('passwordRequired'))
-      .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters')
+        .min(8, t('passwordMinLength'))
-      .regex(/[0-9]/, 'Password must contain at least one number')
+        .regex(/[0-9]/, t('passwordNumber'))
-      .regex(/[A-Z]/, 'Password must contain at least one uppercase letter'),
+        .regex(/[A-Z]/, t('passwordUppercase')),
-    confirmPassword: z.string().min(1, 'Please confirm your password'),
+      confirmPassword: z.string().min(1, t('confirmPasswordRequired')),
     })
     .refine((data) => data.password === data.confirmPassword, {
-    message: 'Passwords do not match',
+      message: t('passwordMismatch'),
       path: ['confirmPassword'],
     });
 
-type RegisterFormData = z.infer<typeof registerSchema>;
+type RegisterFormData = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createRegisterSchema>>;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Component
@@ -84,9 +86,18 @@ interface RegisterFormProps {
  * ```
  */
 export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: RegisterFormProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('auth.register');
+  const tValidation = useTranslations('validation');
   const [serverError, setServerError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const registerMutation = useRegister();
 
+  const registerSchema = createRegisterSchema((key: string) => {
+    if (key.startsWith('validation.')) {
+      return tValidation(key.replace('validation.', ''));
+    }
+    return t(key);
+  });
+
   const form = useForm<RegisterFormData>({
     resolver: zodResolver(registerSchema),
     mode: 'onBlur',
@@ -133,7 +144,7 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
         });
       } else {
         // Unexpected error format
-        setServerError('An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.');
+        setServerError(t('unexpectedError'));
       }
     }
   };
@@ -159,12 +170,12 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
         {/* First Name Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="first_name">
-            First Name <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('firstNameLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="first_name"
             type="text"
-            placeholder="John"
+            placeholder={t('firstNamePlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="given-name"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('first_name')}
@@ -180,11 +191,11 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
 
         {/* Last Name Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
-          <Label htmlFor="last_name">Last Name</Label>
+          <Label htmlFor="last_name">{t('lastNameLabel')}</Label>
           <Input
             id="last_name"
             type="text"
-            placeholder="Doe (optional)"
+            placeholder={t('lastNamePlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="family-name"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('last_name')}
@@ -201,12 +212,12 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
         {/* Email Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="email">
-            Email <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('emailLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="email"
             type="email"
-            placeholder="you@example.com"
+            placeholder={t('emailPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="email"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('email')}
@@ -223,12 +234,12 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
         {/* Password Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="password">
-            Password <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('passwordLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="password"
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Create a strong password"
+            placeholder={t('passwordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="new-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('password')}
@@ -253,21 +264,21 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
                   hasMinLength ? 'text-green-600 dark:text-green-400' : 'text-muted-foreground'
                 }
               >
-                {hasMinLength ? '✓' : '○'} At least 8 characters
+                {hasMinLength ? '✓' : '○'} {t('passwordRequirements.minLength')}
               </p>
               <p
                 className={
                   hasNumber ? 'text-green-600 dark:text-green-400' : 'text-muted-foreground'
                 }
               >
-                {hasNumber ? '✓' : '○'} Contains a number
+                {hasNumber ? '✓' : '○'} {t('passwordRequirements.hasNumber')}
               </p>
               <p
                 className={
                   hasUppercase ? 'text-green-600 dark:text-green-400' : 'text-muted-foreground'
                 }
               >
-                {hasUppercase ? '✓' : '○'} Contains an uppercase letter
+                {hasUppercase ? '✓' : '○'} {t('passwordRequirements.hasUppercase')}
               </p>
             </div>
           )}
@@ -276,12 +287,12 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
         {/* Confirm Password Field */}
         <div className="space-y-2">
           <Label htmlFor="confirmPassword">
-            Confirm Password <span className="text-destructive">*</span>
+            {t('confirmPasswordLabel')} <span className="text-destructive">{t('required')}</span>
           </Label>
           <Input
             id="confirmPassword"
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Confirm your password"
+            placeholder={t('confirmPasswordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="new-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             {...form.register('confirmPassword')}
@@ -299,18 +310,18 @@ export function RegisterForm({ onSuccess, showLoginLink = true, className }: Reg
 
         {/* Submit Button */}
         <Button type="submit" className="w-full" disabled={isSubmitting}>
-          {isSubmitting ? 'Creating account...' : 'Create account'}
+          {isSubmitting ? t('registerButtonLoading') : t('registerButton')}
         </Button>
 
         {/* Login Link */}
         {showLoginLink && (
           <p className="text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            Already have an account?{' '}
+            {t('hasAccount')}{' '}
             <Link
               href={config.routes.login}
               className="text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline font-medium"
             >
-              Sign in
+              {t('loginLink')}
             </Link>
           </p>
         )}

frontend/src/components/dev/DevBreadcrumbs.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { ChevronRight, Home } from 'lucide-react';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 

frontend/src/components/dev/DevLayout.tsx

@@ -8,9 +8,19 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
-import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { usePathname } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
-import { Code2, Palette, LayoutDashboard, Box, FileText, BookOpen, Home, ArrowLeft, Rocket } from 'lucide-react';
+import {
+  Code2,
+  Palette,
+  LayoutDashboard,
+  Box,
+  FileText,
+  BookOpen,
+  Home,
+  ArrowLeft,
+  Rocket,
+} from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { ThemeToggle } from '@/components/theme';

frontend/src/components/home/AnimatedTerminal.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState, useRef } from 'react';
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion';
 import { Terminal, Play } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 
 const commands = [
   { text: '# Clone the repository', delay: 0 },

frontend/src/components/home/CTASection.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion';
 import { Github, Star, Play, ArrowRight } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

frontend/src/components/home/DemoCredentialsModal.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Copy, Check } from 'lucide-react';
 import {
   Dialog,

frontend/src/components/home/DemoSection.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion';
 import { Play, Layers, ShieldCheck, UserCircle } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
@@ -120,9 +120,7 @@ export function DemoSection() {
         transition={{ duration: 0.6, delay: 0.4 }}
       >
         <Button asChild variant="outline" size="lg" className="gap-2">
-          <Link href="/demos">
+          <Link href="/demos">View Complete Demo Tour →</Link>
-            View Complete Demo Tour →
-          </Link>
         </Button>
       </motion.div>
     </section>

frontend/src/components/home/FeatureCard.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion';
 import { ArrowRight, LucideIcon } from 'lucide-react';
 

frontend/src/components/home/Header.tsx

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
 'use client';
 
 import { useState } from 'react';
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { Menu, X, Github, Star } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Sheet, SheetContent, SheetTrigger } from '@/components/ui/sheet';
+import { LocaleSwitcher } from '@/components/i18n';
 
 interface HeaderProps {
   onOpenDemoModal: () => void;
@@ -63,6 +64,9 @@ export function Header({ onOpenDemoModal }: HeaderProps) {
               </span>
             </a>
 
+            {/* Locale Switcher */}
+            <LocaleSwitcher />
+
             {/* CTAs */}
             <Button onClick={onOpenDemoModal} variant="default" size="sm">
               Try Demo
@@ -113,6 +117,11 @@ export function Header({ onOpenDemoModal }: HeaderProps) {
                 </a>
 
                 <div className="border-t pt-4 mt-4 space-y-3">
+                  {/* Locale Switcher */}
+                  <div className="flex justify-center">
+                    <LocaleSwitcher />
+                  </div>
+
                   <Button
                     onClick={() => {
                       setMobileMenuOpen(false);

frontend/src/components/home/HeroSection.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion';
 import { ArrowRight, Github, Play } from 'lucide-react';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

frontend/src/components/i18n/LocaleSwitcher.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * LocaleSwitcher Component
+ *
+ * Allows users to switch between available locales (EN, IT).
+ * Maintains the current pathname when switching languages.
+ *
+ * Features:
+ * - Dropdown menu with available locales
+ * - Shows current locale with visual indicator
+ * - Preserves pathname when switching
+ * - Accessible with proper ARIA labels
+ * - Translated labels using next-intl
+ */
+
+'use client';
+
+import { useLocale, useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
+import { usePathname, useRouter, type Locale } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import {
+  DropdownMenu,
+  DropdownMenuContent,
+  DropdownMenuItem,
+  DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from '@/components/ui/dropdown-menu';
+import { Check, Languages } from 'lucide-react';
+import { routing } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
+import { useTransition } from 'react';
+
+export function LocaleSwitcher() {
+  const t = useTranslations('locale');
+  const locale = useLocale();
+  const router = useRouter();
+  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition();
+
+  const handleLocaleChange = (newLocale: Locale) => {
+    startTransition(() => {
+      // Navigate to the same pathname with the new locale
+      router.replace(pathname, { locale: newLocale });
+    });
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <DropdownMenu>
+      <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+        <Button
+          variant="ghost"
+          size="sm"
+          className="gap-2"
+          disabled={isPending}
+          aria-label={t('switchLanguage')}
+        >
+          <Languages className="h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true" />
+          <span className="uppercase text-xs font-semibold">{locale}</span>
+        </Button>
+      </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+      <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
+        {routing.locales.map((loc) => (
+          <DropdownMenuItem
+            key={loc}
+            onClick={() => handleLocaleChange(loc)}
+            className="cursor-pointer gap-2"
+          >
+            <Check
+              className={`h-4 w-4 ${locale === loc ? 'opacity-100' : 'opacity-0'}`}
+              aria-hidden="true"
+            />
+            <span>{t(loc)}</span>
+            <span className="ml-auto text-xs text-muted-foreground uppercase">{loc}</span>
+          </DropdownMenuItem>
+        ))}
+      </DropdownMenuContent>
+    </DropdownMenu>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/components/i18n/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/**
+ * i18n Components
+ * Exports internationalization-related components
+ */
+
+export { LocaleSwitcher } from './LocaleSwitcher';

frontend/src/components/layout/Footer.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 
 export function Footer() {
   const currentYear = new Date().getFullYear();

frontend/src/components/layout/Header.tsx

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import Link from 'next/link';
+import { Link } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
-import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { usePathname } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
 import { useAuth } from '@/lib/auth/AuthContext';
 import { useLogout } from '@/lib/api/hooks/useAuth';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import {
   DropdownMenu,
   DropdownMenuContent,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import { Avatar, AvatarFallback } from '@/components/ui/avatar';
 import { Settings, LogOut, User, Shield } from 'lucide-react';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { ThemeToggle } from '@/components/theme';
+import { LocaleSwitcher } from '@/components/i18n';
 
 /**
  * Get user initials for avatar
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ function NavLink({
 }
 
 export function Header() {
+  const t = useTranslations('navigation');
   const { user } = useAuth();
   const { mutate: logout, isPending: isLoggingOut } = useLogout();
 
@@ -86,15 +89,16 @@ export function Header() {
           {/* Navigation Links */}
           <nav className="hidden md:flex items-center space-x-1">
             <NavLink href="/" exact>
-              Home
+              {t('home')}
             </NavLink>
-            {user?.is_superuser && <NavLink href="/admin">Admin</NavLink>}
+            {user?.is_superuser && <NavLink href="/admin">{t('admin')}</NavLink>}
           </nav>
         </div>
 
-        {/* Right side - Theme toggle and user menu */}
+        {/* Right side - Theme toggle, locale switcher, and user menu */}
         <div className="ml-auto flex items-center space-x-2">
           <ThemeToggle />
+          <LocaleSwitcher />
           <DropdownMenu>
             <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
               <Button variant="ghost" className="relative h-10 w-10 rounded-full">
@@ -118,20 +122,20 @@ export function Header() {
               <DropdownMenuItem asChild>
                 <Link href="/settings/profile" className="cursor-pointer">
                   <User className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-                  Profile
+                  {t('profile')}
                 </Link>
               </DropdownMenuItem>
               <DropdownMenuItem asChild>
                 <Link href="/settings/password" className="cursor-pointer">
                   <Settings className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-                  Settings
+                  {t('settings')}
                 </Link>
               </DropdownMenuItem>
               {user?.is_superuser && (
                 <DropdownMenuItem asChild>
                   <Link href="/admin" className="cursor-pointer">
                     <Shield className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-                    Admin Panel
+                    {t('adminPanel')}
                   </Link>
                 </DropdownMenuItem>
               )}
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ export function Header() {
                 disabled={isLoggingOut}
               >
                 <LogOut className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-                {isLoggingOut ? 'Logging out...' : 'Log out'}
+                {isLoggingOut ? t('loggingOut') : t('logout')}
               </DropdownMenuItem>
             </DropdownMenuContent>
           </DropdownMenu>

frontend/src/components/settings/PasswordChangeForm.tsx

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
 import { Alert } from '@/components/ui/alert';
@@ -22,25 +23,26 @@ import { getGeneralError, getFieldErrors, isAPIErrorArray } from '@/lib/api/erro
 // Validation Schema
 // ============================================================================
 
-const passwordChangeSchema = z
+const createPasswordChangeSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
+  z
     .object({
-    current_password: z.string().min(1, 'Current password is required'),
+      current_password: z.string().min(1, t('currentPasswordRequired')),
       new_password: z
         .string()
-      .min(1, 'New password is required')
+        .min(1, t('newPasswordRequired'))
-      .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters')
+        .min(8, t('newPasswordMinLength'))
-      .regex(/[0-9]/, 'Password must contain at least one number')
+        .regex(/[0-9]/, t('newPasswordNumber'))
-      .regex(/[A-Z]/, 'Password must contain at least one uppercase letter')
+        .regex(/[A-Z]/, t('newPasswordUppercase'))
-      .regex(/[a-z]/, 'Password must contain at least one lowercase letter')
+        .regex(/[a-z]/, t('newPasswordLowercase'))
-      .regex(/[^A-Za-z0-9]/, 'Password must contain at least one special character'),
+        .regex(/[^A-Za-z0-9]/, t('newPasswordSpecial')),
-    confirm_password: z.string().min(1, 'Please confirm your new password'),
+      confirm_password: z.string().min(1, t('confirmPasswordRequired')),
     })
     .refine((data) => data.new_password === data.confirm_password, {
-    message: 'Passwords do not match',
+      message: t('passwordMismatch'),
       path: ['confirm_password'],
     });
 
-type PasswordChangeFormData = z.infer<typeof passwordChangeSchema>;
+type PasswordChangeFormData = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createPasswordChangeSchema>>;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Component
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@ interface PasswordChangeFormProps {
  * ```
  */
 export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('settings.password');
   const [serverError, setServerError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const passwordChangeMutation = usePasswordChange((message) => {
     toast.success(message);
@@ -79,6 +82,8 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormP
     onSuccess?.();
   });
 
+  const passwordChangeSchema = createPasswordChangeSchema((key: string) => t(key));
+
   const form = useForm<PasswordChangeFormData>({
     resolver: zodResolver(passwordChangeSchema),
     defaultValues: {
@@ -122,7 +127,7 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormP
         });
       } else {
         // Unexpected error format
-        setServerError('An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.');
+        setServerError(t('unexpectedError'));
       }
     }
   };
@@ -133,10 +138,8 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormP
   return (
     <Card className={className}>
       <CardHeader>
-        <CardTitle>Change Password</CardTitle>
+        <CardTitle>{t('title')}</CardTitle>
-        <CardDescription>
+        <CardDescription>{t('subtitle')}</CardDescription>
-          Update your password to keep your account secure. Make sure it&apos;s strong and unique.
-        </CardDescription>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="space-y-4">
@@ -149,9 +152,9 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormP
 
           {/* Current Password Field */}
           <FormField
-            label="Current Password"
+            label={t('currentPasswordLabel')}
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Enter your current password"
+            placeholder={t('currentPasswordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="current-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             required
@@ -161,22 +164,22 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormP
 
           {/* New Password Field */}
           <FormField
-            label="New Password"
+            label={t('newPasswordLabel')}
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Enter your new password"
+            placeholder={t('newPasswordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="new-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             required
-            description="At least 8 characters with uppercase, lowercase, number, and special character"
+            description={t('newPasswordDescription')}
             error={form.formState.errors.new_password}
             {...form.register('new_password')}
           />
 
           {/* Confirm Password Field */}
           <FormField
-            label="Confirm New Password"
+            label={t('confirmPasswordLabel')}
             type="password"
-            placeholder="Confirm your new password"
+            placeholder={t('confirmPasswordPlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="new-password"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             required
@@ -187,12 +190,12 @@ export function PasswordChangeForm({ onSuccess, className }: PasswordChangeFormP
           {/* Submit Button */}
           <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
             <Button type="submit" disabled={isSubmitting || !isDirty}>
-              {isSubmitting ? 'Changing Password...' : 'Change Password'}
+              {isSubmitting ? t('updateButtonLoading') : t('updateButton')}
             </Button>
             {/* istanbul ignore next - Cancel button requires isDirty state, tested in E2E */}
             {isDirty && !isSubmitting && (
               <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => form.reset()}>
-                Cancel
+                {t('cancelButton')}
               </Button>
             )}
           </div>

frontend/src/components/settings/ProfileSettingsForm.tsx

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
 import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { toast } from 'sonner';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
 import { Alert } from '@/components/ui/alert';
@@ -23,21 +24,18 @@ import { getGeneralError, getFieldErrors, isAPIErrorArray } from '@/lib/api/erro
 // Validation Schema
 // ============================================================================
 
-const profileSchema = z.object({
+const createProfileSchema = (t: (key: string) => string) =>
+  z.object({
     first_name: z
       .string()
-    .min(1, 'First name is required')
+      .min(1, t('firstNameRequired'))
-    .min(2, 'First name must be at least 2 characters')
+      .min(2, t('firstNameMinLength'))
-    .max(50, 'First name must not exceed 50 characters'),
+      .max(50, t('firstNameMaxLength')),
-  last_name: z
+    last_name: z.string().max(50, t('lastNameMaxLength')).optional().or(z.literal('')),
-    .string()
+    email: z.string().email(t('emailInvalid')),
-    .max(50, 'Last name must not exceed 50 characters')
-    .optional()
-    .or(z.literal('')),
-  email: z.string().email('Invalid email address'),
   });
 
-type ProfileFormData = z.infer<typeof profileSchema>;
+type ProfileFormData = z.infer<ReturnType<typeof createProfileSchema>>;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Component
@@ -67,6 +65,7 @@ interface ProfileSettingsFormProps {
  * ```
  */
 export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFormProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('settings.profile');
   const [serverError, setServerError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const currentUser = useCurrentUser();
   const updateProfileMutation = useUpdateProfile((message) => {
@@ -74,6 +73,8 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
     onSuccess?.();
   });
 
+  const profileSchema = createProfileSchema((key: string) => t(key));
+
   const form = useForm<ProfileFormData>({
     resolver: zodResolver(profileSchema),
     defaultValues: {
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
         });
       } else {
         // Unexpected error format
-        setServerError('An unexpected error occurred. Please try again.');
+        setServerError(t('unexpectedError'));
       }
     }
   };
@@ -146,10 +147,8 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
   return (
     <Card className={className}>
       <CardHeader>
-        <CardTitle>Profile Information</CardTitle>
+        <CardTitle>{t('title')}</CardTitle>
-        <CardDescription>
+        <CardDescription>{t('subtitle')}</CardDescription>
-          Update your personal information. Your email address is read-only.
-        </CardDescription>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="space-y-4">
@@ -162,9 +161,9 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
 
           {/* First Name Field */}
           <FormField
-            label="First Name"
+            label={t('firstNameLabel')}
             type="text"
-            placeholder="John"
+            placeholder={t('firstNamePlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="given-name"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             required
@@ -174,9 +173,9 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
 
           {/* Last Name Field */}
           <FormField
-            label="Last Name"
+            label={t('lastNameLabel')}
             type="text"
-            placeholder="Doe"
+            placeholder={t('lastNamePlaceholder')}
             autoComplete="family-name"
             disabled={isSubmitting}
             error={form.formState.errors.last_name}
@@ -185,11 +184,11 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
 
           {/* Email Field (Read-only) */}
           <FormField
-            label="Email"
+            label={t('emailLabel')}
             type="email"
             autoComplete="email"
             disabled
-            description="Your email address cannot be changed from this form"
+            description={t('emailDescription')}
             error={form.formState.errors.email}
             {...form.register('email')}
           />
@@ -197,12 +196,12 @@ export function ProfileSettingsForm({ onSuccess, className }: ProfileSettingsFor
           {/* Submit Button */}
           <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
             <Button type="submit" disabled={isSubmitting || !isDirty}>
-              {isSubmitting ? 'Saving...' : 'Save Changes'}
+              {isSubmitting ? t('updateButtonLoading') : t('updateButton')}
             </Button>
             {/* istanbul ignore next - Reset button requires isDirty state, tested in E2E */}
             {isDirty && !isSubmitting && (
               <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => form.reset()}>
-                Reset
+                {t('resetButton')}
               </Button>
             )}
           </div>

frontend/src/lib/i18n/request.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// src/i18n/request.ts
+/**
+ * Server-side i18n request configuration for next-intl.
+ *
+ * This file handles:
+ * - Loading translation messages for the requested locale
+ * - Server-side locale detection
+ * - Time zone configuration
+ *
+ * Important:
+ * - This runs on the server only (Next.js App Router)
+ * - Translation files are NOT sent to the client (zero bundle overhead)
+ * - Messages are loaded on-demand per request
+ */
+
+import { getRequestConfig } from 'next-intl/server';
+import { routing } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
+
+export default getRequestConfig(async ({ locale }) => {
+  // Validate that the incoming `locale` parameter is valid
+  // Type assertion: we know locale will be a string from the URL parameter
+  const requestedLocale = locale as 'en' | 'it';
+
+  // Check if the requested locale is supported, otherwise use default
+  const validLocale = routing.locales.includes(requestedLocale)
+    ? requestedLocale
+    : routing.defaultLocale;
+
+  return {
+    // Return the validated locale
+    locale: validLocale,
+
+    // Load messages for the requested locale
+    // Dynamic import ensures only the requested locale is loaded
+    messages: (await import(`../../../messages/${validLocale}.json`)).default,
+
+    // Optional: Configure time zone
+    // This will be used for date/time formatting
+    // timeZone: 'Europe/Rome', // Example for Italian users
+
+    // Optional: Configure now (for relative time formatting)
+    // now: new Date(),
+  };
+});

frontend/src/lib/i18n/routing.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// src/i18n/routing.ts
+/**
+ * Internationalization routing configuration for next-intl.
+ *
+ * This file defines:
+ * - Supported locales (en, it)
+ * - Default locale (en)
+ * - Routing strategy (subdirectory pattern: /[locale]/path)
+ *
+ * Architecture Decision:
+ * - Using subdirectory pattern (/en/about, /it/about) for best SEO
+ * - Only 2 languages (EN, IT) as template showcase
+ * - Users can extend by adding more locales to this configuration
+ */
+
+import { defineRouting } from 'next-intl/routing';
+import { createNavigation } from 'next-intl/navigation';
+
+/**
+ * Routing configuration for next-intl.
+ *
+ * Pattern: /[locale]/[pathname]
+ * Examples:
+ * - /en/about
+ * - /it/about
+ * - /en/auth/login
+ * - /it/auth/login
+ */
+export const routing = defineRouting({
+  // A list of all locales that are supported
+  locales: ['en', 'it'],
+
+  // Used when no locale matches
+  defaultLocale: 'en',
+
+  // Locale prefix strategy
+  // - "always": Always show locale in URL (/en/about, /it/about)
+  // - "as-needed": Only show non-default locales (/about for en, /it/about for it)
+  // We use "always" for clarity and consistency
+  localePrefix: 'always',
+});
+
+// Lightweight wrappers around Next.js' navigation APIs
+// that will consider the routing configuration
+export const { Link, redirect, usePathname, useRouter } = createNavigation(routing);
+
+export type Locale = (typeof routing.locales)[number];

frontend/src/lib/i18n/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// src/lib/i18n/utils.ts
+/**
+ * Utility functions for internationalization.
+ *
+ * This file provides pure utility functions for i18n without React dependencies.
+ * For React hooks, see hooks.ts
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Get the display name for a locale code.
+ *
+ * @param locale - The locale code ('en' or 'it')
+ * @returns The human-readable locale name
+ */
+export function getLocaleName(locale: string): string {
+  const names: Record<string, string> = {
+    en: 'English',
+    it: 'Italiano',
+  };
+
+  return names[locale] || names.en;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the native display name for a locale code.
+ * This shows the language name in its own language.
+ *
+ * @param locale - The locale code ('en' or 'it')
+ * @returns The native language name
+ */
+export function getLocaleNativeName(locale: string): string {
+  const names: Record<string, string> = {
+    en: 'English',
+    it: 'Italiano',
+  };
+
+  return names[locale] || names.en;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the flag emoji for a locale.
+ *
+ * @param locale - The locale code ('en' or 'it')
+ * @returns The flag emoji
+ */
+export function getLocaleFlag(locale: string): string {
+  // Map to country flags (note: 'en' uses US flag, could be GB)
+  const flags: Record<string, string> = {
+    en: '🇺🇸', // or '🇬🇧' for British English
+    it: '🇮🇹',
+  };
+
+  return flags[locale] || flags.en;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format a relative time string (e.g., "2 hours ago").
+ * This is a placeholder for future implementation with next-intl's date/time formatting.
+ *
+ * @param date - The date to format
+ * @param locale - The locale to use for formatting
+ * @returns Formatted relative time string
+ */
+export function formatRelativeTime(date: Date, locale: string = 'en'): string {
+  const now = new Date();
+  const diffInSeconds = Math.floor((now.getTime() - date.getTime()) / 1000);
+
+  if (diffInSeconds < 60) {
+    return locale === 'it' ? 'proprio ora' : 'just now';
+  } else if (diffInSeconds < 3600) {
+    const minutes = Math.floor(diffInSeconds / 60);
+    return locale === 'it'
+      ? `${minutes} ${minutes === 1 ? 'minuto' : 'minuti'} fa`
+      : `${minutes} ${minutes === 1 ? 'minute' : 'minutes'} ago`;
+  } else if (diffInSeconds < 86400) {
+    const hours = Math.floor(diffInSeconds / 3600);
+    return locale === 'it'
+      ? `${hours} ${hours === 1 ? 'ora' : 'ore'} fa`
+      : `${hours} ${hours === 1 ? 'hour' : 'hours'} ago`;
+  } else {
+    const days = Math.floor(diffInSeconds / 86400);
+    return locale === 'it'
+      ? `${days} ${days === 1 ? 'giorno' : 'giorni'} fa`
+      : `${days} ${days === 1 ? 'day' : 'days'} ago`;
+  }
+}

frontend/src/middleware.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
 import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server';
+import createMiddleware from 'next-intl/middleware';
+import { routing } from './lib/i18n/routing';
+
+// Create next-intl middleware for locale handling
+const intlMiddleware = createMiddleware(routing);
 
 export function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
   const { pathname } = request.nextUrl;
 
-  // Block access to /dev routes in production
+  // Block access to /dev routes in production (handles both /dev and /[locale]/dev)
-  if (pathname.startsWith('/dev')) {
+  // Match: /dev, /en/dev, /it/dev, etc.
+  if (pathname === '/dev' || pathname.match(/^\/[a-z]{2}\/dev($|\/)/)) {
     const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';
 
     if (isProduction) {
@@ -14,9 +20,20 @@ export function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
     }
   }
 
-  return NextResponse.next();
+  // Handle locale routing with next-intl
+  return intlMiddleware(request);
 }
 
 export const config = {
-  matcher: '/dev/:path*',
+  // Match all pathnames except for:
+  // - API routes (/api/*)
+  // - Static files (/_next/*, /favicon.ico, etc.)
+  // - Files in public folder (images, fonts, etc.)
+  matcher: [
+    // Match all pathnames except for
+    '/((?!api|_next|_vercel|.*\\..*).*)',
+    // However, match all pathnames within /api/
+    // that don't end with a file extension
+    '/api/(.*)',
+  ],
 };

frontend/src/types/i18n.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// src/types/i18n.d.ts
+/**
+ * TypeScript type definitions for i18n with next-intl.
+ *
+ * This file configures TypeScript autocomplete for translation keys.
+ * By importing the English messages as the reference type, we get:
+ * - Full autocomplete for all translation keys
+ * - Type safety when using t() function
+ * - Compile-time errors for missing or incorrect keys
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ * ```tsx
+ * const t = useTranslations('auth.login');
+ * t('title'); // ✅ Autocomplete shows available keys
+ * t('invalid'); // ❌ TypeScript error
+ * ```
+ */
+
+type Messages = typeof import('../../messages/en.json');
+
+declare global {
+  // Use type safe message keys with `next-intl`
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-object-type
+  interface IntlMessages extends Messages {}
+}

frontend/tests/__mocks__/components-i18n.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * Mock for @/components/i18n
+ */
+
+export const LocaleSwitcher = () => <div data-testid="locale-switcher">EN</div>;

frontend/tests/__mocks__/next-intl-navigation.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * Mock for next-intl/navigation
+ */
+
+// Create shared mock instances that tests can manipulate
+// Note: next-intl's usePathname returns paths WITHOUT locale prefix
+export const mockUsePathname = jest.fn(() => '/');
+export const mockPush = jest.fn();
+export const mockReplace = jest.fn();
+export const mockUseRouter = jest.fn(() => ({
+  push: mockPush,
+  replace: mockReplace,
+  prefetch: jest.fn(),
+  back: jest.fn(),
+  forward: jest.fn(),
+  refresh: jest.fn(),
+}));
+export const mockRedirect = jest.fn();
+
+export const createNavigation = (_routing: any) => ({
+  Link: ({ children, href, ...props }: any) => (
+    <a href={href} {...props}>
+      {children}
+    </a>
+  ),
+  redirect: mockRedirect,
+  usePathname: mockUsePathname,
+  useRouter: mockUseRouter,
+});

frontend/tests/__mocks__/next-intl-routing.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * Mock for next-intl/routing
+ */
+
+export const defineRouting = (config: any) => config;
+
+export const createNavigation = (_routing: any) => ({
+  Link: ({ children, href, ...props }: any) => (
+    <a href={href} {...props}>
+      {children}
+    </a>
+  ),
+  redirect: jest.fn(),
+  usePathname: () => '/en/test',
+  useRouter: () => ({
+    push: jest.fn(),
+    replace: jest.fn(),
+    prefetch: jest.fn(),
+    back: jest.fn(),
+    forward: jest.fn(),
+    refresh: jest.fn(),
+  }),
+});

frontend/tests/__mocks__/next-intl.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * Mock for next-intl
+ */
+
+export const useLocale = jest.fn(() => 'en');
+export const useTranslations = jest.fn(() => (key: string) => key);
+export const NextIntlClientProvider = ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <>{children}</>;
+export const useFormatter = jest.fn(() => ({}));
+export const useMessages = jest.fn(() => ({}));
+export const useNow = jest.fn(() => new Date());
+export const useTimeZone = jest.fn(() => 'UTC');

frontend/tests/app/(auth)/login/page.test.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import LoginPage from '@/app/(auth)/login/page';
+import LoginPage from '@/app/[locale]/(auth)/login/page';
 
 // Mock dynamic import
 jest.mock('next/dynamic', () => ({

frontend/tests/app/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/PasswordResetConfirmContent.test.tsx

@@ -4,20 +4,20 @@
  */
 
 import { render, screen, act } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { useSearchParams, useRouter } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation';
-import PasswordResetConfirmContent from '@/app/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/PasswordResetConfirmContent';
+import { useRouter } from '@/lib/i18n/routing';
+import PasswordResetConfirmContent from '@/app/[locale]/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/PasswordResetConfirmContent';
 
 // Mock Next.js navigation
 jest.mock('next/navigation', () => ({
   useSearchParams: jest.fn(),
-  useRouter: jest.fn(),
   default: jest.fn(),
 }));
 
-// Mock Next.js Link
+// Mock i18n routing
-jest.mock('next/link', () => ({
+jest.mock('@/lib/i18n/routing', () => ({
-  __esModule: true,
+  useRouter: jest.fn(),
-  default: ({ children, href }: { children: React.ReactNode; href: string }) => (
+  Link: ({ children, href }: { children: React.ReactNode; href: string }) => (
     <a href={href}>{children}</a>
   ),
 }));

frontend/tests/app/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/page.test.tsx

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
  */
 
 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import PasswordResetConfirmPage from '@/app/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/page';
+import PasswordResetConfirmPage from '@/app/[locale]/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/page';
 
 // Mock the content component
-jest.mock('@/app/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/PasswordResetConfirmContent', () => ({
+jest.mock('@/app/[locale]/(auth)/password-reset/confirm/PasswordResetConfirmContent', () => ({
   __esModule: true,
   default: () => <div data-testid="password-reset-confirm-content">Content</div>,
 }));

frontend/tests/app/(auth)/password-reset/page.test.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import PasswordResetPage from '@/app/(auth)/password-reset/page';
+import PasswordResetPage from '@/app/[locale]/(auth)/password-reset/page';
 
 // Mock dynamic import
 jest.mock('next/dynamic', () => ({

frontend/tests/app/(auth)/register/page.test.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import RegisterPage from '@/app/(auth)/register/page';
+import RegisterPage from '@/app/[locale]/(auth)/register/page';
 
 // Mock dynamic import
 jest.mock('next/dynamic', () => ({