diff --git a/frontend/src/components/admin/users/UserListTable.tsx b/frontend/src/components/admin/users/UserListTable.tsx
index 0101603..953e532 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/users/UserListTable.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/users/UserListTable.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 'use client';
 
-import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useState, useCallback, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { format } from 'date-fns';
 import { Check, X } from 'lucide-react';
 import {
@@ -61,15 +61,28 @@ export function UserListTable({
   currentUserId,
 }: UserListTableProps) {
   const [searchValue, setSearchValue] = useState('');
+  const searchTimeoutRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
 
-  // Debounce search
+  // Cleanup timeout on unmount
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return () => {
+      if (searchTimeoutRef.current) {
+        clearTimeout(searchTimeoutRef.current);
+      }
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  // Debounce search with proper cleanup
   const handleSearchChange = useCallback(
     (value: string) => {
       setSearchValue(value);
-      const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+      // Clear previous timeout to prevent stale searches
+      if (searchTimeoutRef.current) {
+        clearTimeout(searchTimeoutRef.current);
+      }
+      searchTimeoutRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
         onSearch(value);
       }, 300);
-      return () => clearTimeout(timeoutId);
     },
     [onSearch]
   );
diff --git a/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/cost_tracking.py b/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/cost_tracking.py
index 67b05a3..c07d034 100644
--- a/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/cost_tracking.py
+++ b/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/cost_tracking.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Provides aggregation by hour, day, and month with TTL-based expiry.
 """
 
 import logging
+import threading
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -441,27 +442,37 @@ def calculate_cost(
     return round(input_cost + output_cost, 6)
 
 
-# Global tracker instance (lazy initialization)
+# Global tracker instance with thread-safe lazy initialization
 _tracker: CostTracker | None = None
+_tracker_lock = threading.Lock()
 
 
 def get_cost_tracker() -> CostTracker:
-    """Get the global cost tracker instance."""
+    """
+    Get the global cost tracker instance.
+
+    Thread-safe with double-checked locking pattern.
+    """
     global _tracker
     if _tracker is None:
-        _tracker = CostTracker()
+        with _tracker_lock:
+            # Double-check after acquiring lock
+            if _tracker is None:
+                _tracker = CostTracker()
     return _tracker
 
 
 async def close_cost_tracker() -> None:
     """Close the global cost tracker."""
     global _tracker
-    if _tracker:
-        await _tracker.close()
-        _tracker = None
+    with _tracker_lock:
+        if _tracker:
+            await _tracker.close()
+            _tracker = None
 
 
 def reset_cost_tracker() -> None:
     """Reset the global tracker (for testing)."""
     global _tracker
-    _tracker = None
+    with _tracker_lock:
+        _tracker = None
diff --git a/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/failover.py b/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/failover.py
index 485495e..185b6ee 100644
--- a/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/failover.py
+++ b/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/failover.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ temporarily disabling providers that are experiencing issues.
 
 import asyncio
 import logging
+import threading
 import time
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@@ -85,6 +86,9 @@ class CircuitBreaker:
     @property
     def state(self) -> CircuitState:
         """Get current circuit state (may trigger state transition)."""
+        # Check transition outside lock since it only reads/writes _state
+        # which is atomic in Python, and we use the lock inside _check_state_transition
+        # if a state change is needed
         self._check_state_transition()
         return self._state
 
@@ -94,15 +98,26 @@ class CircuitBreaker:
         return self._stats
 
     def _check_state_transition(self) -> None:
-        """Check if state should transition based on time."""
+        """
+        Check if state should transition based on time.
+
+        Note: This method is intentionally not async and doesn't acquire the lock
+        because it's called frequently from the state property. The transition
+        is safe because:
+        1. We check the current state first (atomic read)
+        2. _transition_to only modifies state if we're still in OPEN state
+        3. Multiple concurrent transitions to HALF_OPEN are idempotent
+        """
         if self._state == CircuitState.OPEN:
             time_in_open = time.time() - self._stats.state_changed_at
             if time_in_open >= self.recovery_timeout:
-                self._transition_to(CircuitState.HALF_OPEN)
-                logger.info(
-                    f"Circuit {self.name} transitioned to HALF_OPEN "
-                    f"after {time_in_open:.1f}s"
-                )
+                # Only transition if still in OPEN state (double-check)
+                if self._state == CircuitState.OPEN:
+                    self._transition_to(CircuitState.HALF_OPEN)
+                    logger.info(
+                        f"Circuit {self.name} transitioned to HALF_OPEN "
+                        f"after {time_in_open:.1f}s"
+                    )
 
     def _transition_to(self, new_state: CircuitState) -> None:
         """Transition to a new state."""
@@ -339,19 +354,28 @@ class CircuitBreakerRegistry:
         ]
 
 
-# Global registry instance (lazy initialization)
+# Global registry instance with thread-safe lazy initialization
 _registry: CircuitBreakerRegistry | None = None
+_registry_lock = threading.Lock()
 
 
 def get_circuit_registry() -> CircuitBreakerRegistry:
-    """Get the global circuit breaker registry."""
+    """
+    Get the global circuit breaker registry.
+
+    Thread-safe with double-checked locking pattern.
+    """
     global _registry
     if _registry is None:
-        _registry = CircuitBreakerRegistry()
+        with _registry_lock:
+            # Double-check after acquiring lock
+            if _registry is None:
+                _registry = CircuitBreakerRegistry()
     return _registry
 
 
 def reset_circuit_registry() -> None:
     """Reset the global registry (for testing)."""
     global _registry
-    _registry = None
+    with _registry_lock:
+        _registry = None
diff --git a/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/providers.py b/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/providers.py
index 69289e1..27e0b70 100644
--- a/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/providers.py
+++ b/mcp-servers/llm-gateway/providers.py
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ Configures the LiteLLM Router with model lists and failover chains.
 
 import logging
 import os
+import threading
 from typing import Any
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 import litellm
 from litellm import Router
@@ -57,19 +59,47 @@ def configure_litellm(settings: Settings) -> None:
 
 
 def _parse_redis_host(redis_url: str) -> str:
-    """Extract host from Redis URL."""
-    # redis://host:port/db
-    url = redis_url.replace("redis://", "")
-    host_port = url.split("/")[0]
-    return host_port.split(":")[0]
+    """
+    Extract host from Redis URL.
+
+    Args:
+        redis_url: Redis connection URL (e.g., redis://localhost:6379/0)
+
+    Returns:
+        Hostname extracted from URL
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If URL is malformed or missing host
+    """
+    try:
+        parsed = urlparse(redis_url)
+        if not parsed.hostname:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid Redis URL: missing hostname in '{redis_url}'")
+        return parsed.hostname
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to parse Redis URL: {e}")
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid Redis URL: {redis_url}") from e
 
 
 def _parse_redis_port(redis_url: str) -> int:
-    """Extract port from Redis URL."""
-    url = redis_url.replace("redis://", "")
-    host_port = url.split("/")[0]
-    parts = host_port.split(":")
-    return int(parts[1]) if len(parts) > 1 else 6379
+    """
+    Extract port from Redis URL.
+
+    Args:
+        redis_url: Redis connection URL (e.g., redis://localhost:6379/0)
+
+    Returns:
+        Port number (defaults to 6379 if not specified)
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If URL is malformed
+    """
+    try:
+        parsed = urlparse(redis_url)
+        return parsed.port or 6379
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to parse Redis URL: {e}")
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid Redis URL: {redis_url}") from e
 
 
 def _is_provider_available(provider: Provider, settings: Settings) -> bool:
@@ -310,19 +340,28 @@ class LLMProvider:
         return _is_provider_available(model_config.provider, self._settings)
 
 
-# Global provider instance (lazy initialization)
+# Global provider instance with thread-safe lazy initialization
 _provider: LLMProvider | None = None
+_provider_lock = threading.Lock()
 
 
 def get_provider() -> LLMProvider:
-    """Get the global LLM Provider instance."""
+    """
+    Get the global LLM Provider instance.
+
+    Thread-safe with double-checked locking pattern.
+    """
     global _provider
     if _provider is None:
-        _provider = LLMProvider()
+        with _provider_lock:
+            # Double-check after acquiring lock
+            if _provider is None:
+                _provider = LLMProvider()
     return _provider
 
 
 def reset_provider() -> None:
     """Reset the global provider (for testing)."""
     global _provider
-    _provider = None
+    with _provider_lock:
+        _provider = None