syndarix/backend/app/services/safety/validation/validator.py

"""
Action Validator

Pre-execution validation with rule engine for action requests.
"""

import asyncio
import fnmatch
import logging
from collections import OrderedDict

from ..config import get_safety_config
from ..models import (
    ActionRequest,
    ActionType,
    SafetyDecision,
    SafetyPolicy,
    ValidationResult,
    ValidationRule,
)

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class ValidationCache:
    """LRU cache for validation results."""

    def __init__(self, max_size: int = 1000, ttl_seconds: int = 60) -> None:
        self._cache: OrderedDict[str, tuple[ValidationResult, float]] = OrderedDict()
        self._max_size = max_size
        self._ttl = ttl_seconds
        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()

    async def get(self, key: str) -> ValidationResult | None:
        """Get cached validation result."""
        import time

        async with self._lock:
            if key not in self._cache:
                return None

            result, timestamp = self._cache[key]
            if time.time() - timestamp > self._ttl:
                del self._cache[key]
                return None

            # Move to end (LRU)
            self._cache.move_to_end(key)
            return result

    async def set(self, key: str, result: ValidationResult) -> None:
        """Cache a validation result."""
        import time

        async with self._lock:
            if key in self._cache:
                self._cache.move_to_end(key)
            else:
                if len(self._cache) >= self._max_size:
                    self._cache.popitem(last=False)
                self._cache[key] = (result, time.time())

    async def clear(self) -> None:
        """Clear the cache."""
        async with self._lock:
            self._cache.clear()


class ActionValidator:
    """
    Validates actions against safety rules before execution.

    Features:
    - Rule-based validation engine
    - Allow/deny/require-approval rules
    - Pattern matching for tools and resources
    - Validation result caching
    - Bypass capability for emergencies
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        cache_enabled: bool = True,
        cache_size: int = 1000,
        cache_ttl: int = 60,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Initialize the ActionValidator.

        Args:
            cache_enabled: Whether to cache validation results
            cache_size: Maximum cache entries
            cache_ttl: Cache TTL in seconds
        """
        self._rules: list[ValidationRule] = []
        self._cache_enabled = cache_enabled
        self._cache = ValidationCache(max_size=cache_size, ttl_seconds=cache_ttl)
        self._bypass_enabled = False
        self._bypass_reason: str | None = None

        config = get_safety_config()
        self._cache_enabled = cache_enabled
        self._cache_ttl = config.validation_cache_ttl
        self._cache_size = config.validation_cache_size

    def add_rule(self, rule: ValidationRule) -> None:
        """
        Add a validation rule.

        Args:
            rule: The rule to add
        """
        self._rules.append(rule)
        # Re-sort by priority (higher first)
        self._rules.sort(key=lambda r: r.priority, reverse=True)
        logger.debug("Added validation rule: %s (priority %d)", rule.name, rule.priority)

    def remove_rule(self, rule_id: str) -> bool:
        """
        Remove a validation rule by ID.

        Args:
            rule_id: ID of the rule to remove

        Returns:
            True if rule was found and removed
        """
        for i, rule in enumerate(self._rules):
            if rule.id == rule_id:
                del self._rules[i]
                logger.debug("Removed validation rule: %s", rule_id)
                return True
        return False

    def clear_rules(self) -> None:
        """Remove all validation rules."""
        self._rules.clear()

    def load_rules_from_policy(self, policy: SafetyPolicy) -> None:
        """
        Load validation rules from a safety policy.

        Args:
            policy: The policy to load rules from
        """
        # Clear existing rules
        self.clear_rules()

        # Add rules from policy
        for rule in policy.validation_rules:
            self.add_rule(rule)

        # Create implicit rules from policy settings

        # Denied tools
        for i, pattern in enumerate(policy.denied_tools):
            self.add_rule(
                ValidationRule(
                    name=f"deny_tool_{i}",
                    description=f"Deny tool pattern: {pattern}",
                    priority=100,  # High priority for denials
                    tool_patterns=[pattern],
                    decision=SafetyDecision.DENY,
                    reason=f"Tool matches denied pattern: {pattern}",
                )
            )

        # Require approval patterns
        for i, pattern in enumerate(policy.require_approval_for):
            if pattern == "*":
                # All actions require approval
                self.add_rule(
                    ValidationRule(
                        name="require_approval_all",
                        description="All actions require approval",
                        priority=50,
                        action_types=list(ActionType),
                        decision=SafetyDecision.REQUIRE_APPROVAL,
                        reason="All actions require human approval",
                    )
                )
            else:
                self.add_rule(
                    ValidationRule(
                        name=f"require_approval_{i}",
                        description=f"Require approval for: {pattern}",
                        priority=50,
                        tool_patterns=[pattern],
                        decision=SafetyDecision.REQUIRE_APPROVAL,
                        reason=f"Action matches approval-required pattern: {pattern}",
                    )
                )

        logger.info("Loaded %d rules from policy: %s", len(self._rules), policy.name)

    async def validate(
        self,
        action: ActionRequest,
        policy: SafetyPolicy | None = None,
    ) -> ValidationResult:
        """
        Validate an action against all rules.

        Args:
            action: The action to validate
            policy: Optional policy override

        Returns:
            ValidationResult with decision and details
        """
        # Check bypass
        if self._bypass_enabled:
            logger.warning(
                "Validation bypass active: %s - allowing action %s",
                self._bypass_reason,
                action.id,
            )
            return ValidationResult(
                action_id=action.id,
                decision=SafetyDecision.ALLOW,
                applied_rules=[],
                reasons=[f"Validation bypassed: {self._bypass_reason}"],
            )

        # Check cache
        if self._cache_enabled:
            cache_key = self._get_cache_key(action)
            cached = await self._cache.get(cache_key)
            if cached:
                logger.debug("Using cached validation for action %s", action.id)
                return cached

        # Load rules from policy if provided
        if policy and not self._rules:
            self.load_rules_from_policy(policy)

        # Validate against rules
        applied_rules: list[str] = []
        reasons: list[str] = []
        final_decision = SafetyDecision.ALLOW
        approval_id: str | None = None

        for rule in self._rules:
            if not rule.enabled:
                continue

            if self._rule_matches(rule, action):
                applied_rules.append(rule.id)

                if rule.reason:
                    reasons.append(rule.reason)

                # Handle decision priority
                if rule.decision == SafetyDecision.DENY:
                    # Deny takes precedence
                    final_decision = SafetyDecision.DENY
                    break

                elif rule.decision == SafetyDecision.REQUIRE_APPROVAL:
                    # Upgrade to require approval
                    if final_decision != SafetyDecision.DENY:
                        final_decision = SafetyDecision.REQUIRE_APPROVAL

        # If no rules matched and no explicit allow, default to allow
        if not applied_rules:
            reasons.append("No matching rules - default allow")

        result = ValidationResult(
            action_id=action.id,
            decision=final_decision,
            applied_rules=applied_rules,
            reasons=reasons,
            approval_id=approval_id,
        )

        # Cache result
        if self._cache_enabled:
            cache_key = self._get_cache_key(action)
            await self._cache.set(cache_key, result)

        return result

    async def validate_batch(
        self,
        actions: list[ActionRequest],
        policy: SafetyPolicy | None = None,
    ) -> list[ValidationResult]:
        """
        Validate multiple actions.

        Args:
            actions: Actions to validate
            policy: Optional policy override

        Returns:
            List of validation results
        """
        tasks = [self.validate(action, policy) for action in actions]
        return await asyncio.gather(*tasks)

    def enable_bypass(self, reason: str) -> None:
        """
        Enable validation bypass (emergency use only).

        Args:
            reason: Reason for enabling bypass
        """
        logger.critical("Validation bypass enabled: %s", reason)
        self._bypass_enabled = True
        self._bypass_reason = reason

    def disable_bypass(self) -> None:
        """Disable validation bypass."""
        logger.info("Validation bypass disabled")
        self._bypass_enabled = False
        self._bypass_reason = None

    async def clear_cache(self) -> None:
        """Clear the validation cache."""
        await self._cache.clear()

    def _rule_matches(self, rule: ValidationRule, action: ActionRequest) -> bool:
        """Check if a rule matches an action."""
        # Check action types
        if rule.action_types:
            if action.action_type not in rule.action_types:
                return False

        # Check tool patterns
        if rule.tool_patterns:
            if not action.tool_name:
                return False
            matched = False
            for pattern in rule.tool_patterns:
                if self._matches_pattern(action.tool_name, pattern):
                    matched = True
                    break
            if not matched:
                return False

        # Check resource patterns
        if rule.resource_patterns:
            if not action.resource:
                return False
            matched = False
            for pattern in rule.resource_patterns:
                if self._matches_pattern(action.resource, pattern):
                    matched = True
                    break
            if not matched:
                return False

        # Check agent IDs
        if rule.agent_ids:
            if action.metadata.agent_id not in rule.agent_ids:
                return False

        return True

    def _matches_pattern(self, value: str, pattern: str) -> bool:
        """Check if value matches a pattern (supports wildcards)."""
        if pattern == "*":
            return True

        # Use fnmatch for glob-style matching
        return fnmatch.fnmatch(value, pattern)

    def _get_cache_key(self, action: ActionRequest) -> str:
        """Generate a cache key for an action."""
        # Key based on action characteristics that affect validation
        key_parts = [
            action.action_type.value,
            action.tool_name or "",
            action.resource or "",
            action.metadata.agent_id,
            action.metadata.autonomy_level.value,
        ]
        return ":".join(key_parts)


# Module-level convenience functions


def create_allow_rule(
    name: str,
    tool_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
    resource_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
    action_types: list[ActionType] | None = None,
    priority: int = 0,
) -> ValidationRule:
    """Create an allow rule."""
    return ValidationRule(
        name=name,
        tool_patterns=tool_patterns,
        resource_patterns=resource_patterns,
        action_types=action_types,
        decision=SafetyDecision.ALLOW,
        priority=priority,
    )


def create_deny_rule(
    name: str,
    tool_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
    resource_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
    action_types: list[ActionType] | None = None,
    reason: str | None = None,
    priority: int = 100,
) -> ValidationRule:
    """Create a deny rule."""
    return ValidationRule(
        name=name,
        tool_patterns=tool_patterns,
        resource_patterns=resource_patterns,
        action_types=action_types,
        decision=SafetyDecision.DENY,
        reason=reason,
        priority=priority,
    )


def create_approval_rule(
    name: str,
    tool_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
    resource_patterns: list[str] | None = None,
    action_types: list[ActionType] | None = None,
    reason: str | None = None,
    priority: int = 50,
) -> ValidationRule:
    """Create a require-approval rule."""
    return ValidationRule(
        name=name,
        tool_patterns=tool_patterns,
        resource_patterns=resource_patterns,
        action_types=action_types,
        decision=SafetyDecision.REQUIRE_APPROVAL,
        reason=reason,
        priority=priority,
    )